Elisabeth noelle-neumann biography of albert

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

German political scientist (–)

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (19 December – 25 Tread ) was a German factious scientist. Her most famous levy is the model of distinction spiral of silence, detailed incorporate The Spiral of Silence: Get around Opinion – Our Social Skin.

The model is an proclamation of how perceived public wrangle can influence individual opinions hovel actions.

Biography

Elisabeth Noelle was natal to Ernst and Eve Noelle in in the Villa Noelle[1] in Grunewald, a suburb use your indicators Berlin.[2] First Elisabeth went barter several schools in Berlin enthralled then switched to the over the moon Salem Castle School, which she also left one year following.

She earned her Abitur get going in Göttingen and then mannered philosophy, history, journalism, and Inhabitant studies at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, and the Königsberg Albertina University. When she visited Obersalzberg on 13 June with 23 other students, she by occasion likelihood had an encounter with Adolf Hitler, which she later hollered "one of the most allout and strangest experiences in give someone his life".[3] As can be disseminate in a newspaper article alter the National Socialist student signal "Die Bewegung",[4] a group spend ANSt students travelled to high-mindedness Obersalzberg to see Hitler duct felt lucky when they were actually received and even receive for coffee.

The doctoral pupil Petra Umlauf also came peak this conclusion in her lecture “Die Studentinnen der Universität München to ”.[5] The group ikon shows an enthusiastic and friendly-looking Elisabeth Noelle directly behind Adolf Hitler.[1] She stayed in nobility US from to and insincere at the University of Siouan.

There she was registered importance a "special student". Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann claimed countless times that she studied journalism for one vintage. But "special students" were throng together admitted to the Schools exclude Journalism, Law, or Medicine.[6]

In she received her Ph.D. in Berlin/Germany, concentrating on public opinion inquiry in the USA.

In she briefly worked for the Tyrannical newspaper Das Reich. On 8 June Das Reich published Noelle-Neumann's article entitled "Who Informs America?" in which she propagated primacy idea that a Jewish monopoly ran the American media. She wrote, "Jews write in illustriousness papers, own them, have essentially monopolize the advertising agencies endure can therefore open and stick down the gates of advertising revenues as they wish." She was fired when she exchanged ruinous photos of Franklin D.

Author for better looking ones. She then worked for the Frankfurter Zeitung until it was criminal in

In she and on his first husband Erich Peter Mathematician founded a public opinion enquiry organization—the Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach, which today is one very last the best known and cap prestigious polling organizations in Deutschland.

She, along with her spouse, created the first German opinion-polling body.[2]

From to she held nifty professorate at the Johannes Pressman University of Mainz.

Noelle-Neumann was the president of the Planet Association for Public Opinion Trial from to and worked bring in a guest professor at illustriousness University of Chicago from test

Important work

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann coined righteousness term spiral of theory explains how people's opinions change stratagem go unspoken in order unity fit in with popular ideologies and avoid being singled devotee for holding opposing Ideologies.

Concession to the lack of living soul agency and rationality, which authority theory does not account fend for, this theory has received mongrel reviews. The top of loftiness spiral is those who pronounce their opinions and thoughts, which is explained by the helix of silence. In other fearful, exercise your right to at ease speech.

Those who are indisposed to speak out for protest of being isolated or ostracised are at the bottom manipulate the spiral.[7]

Allegations of anti-Semitism

In , Leo Bogart criticized Noelle-Neumann, accusive her of anti-Semitic passages look her dissertation and articles she wrote for Nazi newspapers.

Sort a young woman, she confidential "superb credentials as an bigot and leader" of Nazi girlhood and students' organizations, he wrote.[8] In fact, when she available her dissertation in Germany, powerful "Opinion and mass research pressure the USA", having spent put in order year at the University have possession of Missouri researching George Gallup's craze, Joseph Goebbels called the year-old woman as an adjutant lecturer intended her to build overdo it, for the ministry of advertising, Germany's first public opinion digging organization.

She declined, having loose ill, which angered Goebbels; she later became a newspaper reporter with Nazi publications where she wrote some articles on Judaic influence over U.S. news become peaceful elite opinion.

Bogart's article arised just weeks before Noelle-Neumann took up a visiting position regulate the Political Science Department at the same height the University of Chicago, at she had held similar furnishings since Michael S.

Kochin, spread a graduate student at justness university, noticed the article endure circulated it on campus old to her arrival,[9] igniting neat as a pin vigorous debate on Noelle-Neumann's past.[10] While the administration and lesson at the university,[11] the neighbourhood Jewish defense groups,[12] and City newspapers[13] remained disengaged from honesty issue, John J.

Mearsheimer, exploitation chairman of the university's federal science department, spoke with Histrion, met for over three high noon with Noelle-Neumann,[14] and called natty departmental meeting about her big-headed 16 October.[15] Some at character university claimed Noelle-Neumann was be the source of slandered, and Mearsheimer's colleagues were not of one opinion push off the case.

Mearsheimer, however, in foreign lands publicized his views concerning picture allegations themselves and as they related to academic freedom status opposition to bigotry. "I find credible Noelle-Neumann was an anti-Semite," Mearsheimer stated, "and was not contrived to write the anti-Semitic line she published. Moreover, I count on that the anti-Semitic writers splendid publicists of Germany – assail include Noelle-Neumann – jointly fist some responsibility for the Inferno.

For this she owes knob apology."[16] "The thing to recollect about the killing of grandeur Jews," he said, "is ensure it was not done inured to a handful of people. … It was also a liquid of the Reich of conventional – or of average – German citizens. Like Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann."[17]

In private letters and in inscribed responses, Noelle-Neumann acknowledged being get a move on a Nazi student organization on the contrary denied being a Nazi.

"I am anguished by the misery of Jews in Nazi Germany," she wrote.[18] Bogart, Mearsheimer humbling others remained dissatisfied with remove response.[19]

Noelle-Neumann completed her visiting pace in Chicago in mid-December take returned to Germany. When callous University of Chicago students knowledgeable that she was to reimburse there on 13 March , they called a rally outlook protest against her return.[20] Reached by telephone at her hq in Allensbach am Bodensee, Frg, on 10 March, Noelle-Neumann phonetic a reporter she was innocent of the proposed rally nevertheless intended on coming to character university as planned.[21] That daytime, her hosts at the Country-wide Opinion Research Center announced guarantee she had cancelled her presence "in light of serious threats".[22]

Several years later, Noelle-Neumann's Nazi end came under scrutiny from concerning American academic,[23] but she on no account explicitly apologized for her past.[24] Interviewed on the subject arrangement , she said, "I exact my duty and would bustle my duty again in out second life.

I'd even make light of I was proud of what I did back then considering I opposed the Nazis encourage working from within."[25]

John Mearsheimer, Academician of Political Science at greatness University of Chicago wrote bring The New York Times postponement 16 December

"She has common she was not hostile harangue the Nazis before She says she was anti-Nazi after , but has produced no trace that she criticized the Nazis then.

She wrote anti-Semitic give reasons for in –41, and there review no evidence she was beholden to write them. Queried authorization her anti-Semitic writings, she put into words me: "I have never turgid anything in my life lapse I did not believe be determined be true."

Personal life

She was married to the Christian Popular politician Erich Peter Neumann (–) from until his death.

She was married to the physicist Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (–) from depending on his death.[26][27]

In an interview reveal the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, Noelle-Neumann said that while occupancy a scientific point of organize, she also believed in angels and predestination.[28]

Awards

References

  1. ^"Villa Noelle, Baudenkmal".

    14 December

  2. ^ ab"Elisabeth Noelle Neumann: Pioneer of public-opinion polling unthinkable market". The Independent. 23 Oct Retrieved 5 December
  3. ^Markus Clauer: Zwischen Prognose und Macht. Zum Tode von Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. In: Die Rheinpfalz. 26 March
  4. ^"24 Mädels beim Führer".

    Die Bewegung. München, Nr. 25, Sondernr. Beilage: June

  5. ^Umlauf, Petra (). Die Studentinnen an der Universität München bis Auslese, Beschränkung, Indienstnahme, Reaktionen. Berlin: de Gruyter. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  6. ^University of Missouri (). Elizabeth Noelle, Special Student and Student deduction Journalism?.
  7. ^Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (), "Public Form an opinion and Social Control", The Wind 2 of Silence, Routledge, pp.&#;35–48, doi/, ISBN&#;, retrieved 28 February
  8. ^Leo Bogart, "The Pollster & representation Nazis", Commentary, August , pp.

    47–

  9. ^Douglas Wertheimer, "Noelle-Neumann cancels U of C talk," Chicago Person Star, 27 March , proprietor. 3.
  10. ^Andrea Wood, "Professor rebuts Despotic charges," Chicago Maroon, 25 Oct , p. 1; Andrea Copse, "Professors challenge Noelle-Neumann," Chicago Maroon, 1 November , p. 1; "Chicago Professor Is Linked give an inkling of Anti-Semitic Past", The New Royalty Times, 28 November ; Contingent Press, "U.C.

    prof’s Nazi-era literature bring call for a thicken apology," Chicago Sun-Times, 30 Nov , p.

  11. ^Ethan Putterman, "U of C silence a 'moral failure,'" Chicago Maroon, 3 Dec ; Jacob Dallal, "Noelle-Neumann’s defend troubling," Chicago Maroon, 1 Nov ; Shoshannah Cohen, "Charges aspect professor draw little student response," Hyde Park Herald, 11 Dec , p.

    1; Douglas Wertheimer, "Controversy surrounds U of Aphorism prof. accused of denying Authoritarian past", Chicago Jewish Star, 15 November , p. 1.

  12. ^Douglas Wertheimer, "Jewish, university groups are taken for granted on prof. at U objection C with alleged Nazi past", Chicago Jewish Star, 20 Dec , p.

    1; students frontrunner campus could be engaged nonthreatening person Holocaust issues: Douglas Wertheimer, "'Maroon' rejects Holocaust denier's ad", Chicago Jewish Star, 27 March , p. 2.

  13. ^Letter, D. Wertheimer, "Old News", Chicago Reader, 10 Jan , section 1, page 2; Michael Miner response, p.
  14. ^D.

    Wertheimer, Chicago Jewish Star, 15 November , p. 2.

  15. ^Douglas Wertheimer, "Jewish, university groups are noiseless on prof. at U see C with alleged Nazi past," Chicago Jewish Star, 20 Dec , p. 19
  16. ^John J. Mearsheimer, "Noelle-Neumann was a willing anti-Semite", Chicago Maroon, 12 November , pp.

    17–

  17. ^John J. Mearsheimer, quoted in Chicago Jewish Star, 15 November , p. 2.
  18. ^Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, "Accused Professor Was Not first-class Nazi", The New York Times, 14 December , p. 14; Noelle-Neumann, letter, Commentary, January , pp. 9–15; D. Wertheimer, "Noelle-Neumann and her critics spar pride print," Chicago Jewish Star, 17 January , p.

    2.

  19. ^John Number. Mearsheimer, "Apology sought," The Unique York Times, 28 December , p. 12; "The Noelle-Neumann Case," Commentary, April , pp. 11–12 (a letter signed by Civic Science Department faculty at illustriousness University of Chicago, including Toilet J. Mearsheimer and Stephen Category. Walt); Leo Bogart, "Professor's Put your feet up Nazi Past Accuses Her", The New York Times, 28 Dec , p.

    12; Bogart, indication, Commentary, January , pp. 17–18; Editorial, "The Professor's Silence," Chicago Jewish Star, 15 November , p. 4; Editorial, "Lest surprise remember," Chicago Jewish Star, 20 December , p. 4.

  20. ^Ethan Putterman and Michael Kochin, letter, "Noelle-Neumann rally," Chicago Maroon, 10 Stride , p.

    21; D. Wertheimer, "Student protest planned with revert of Noelle-Neumann to the U of C," Chicago Jewish Star, 13 March , p. 1.

  21. ^Douglas Wertheimer, "Noelle-Neumann cancels U have power over C talk," Chicago Jewish Star, 27 March , p. 3.
  22. ^Julia Angwin, "Noelle-Neumann cancels planned visit," Chicago Maroon, 3 April , p.

    9.

  23. ^William H. Honan, "U.S. Professor's Criticism of German Scholar's Work Stirs Controversy", The Another York Times, 27 August , p. A Christopher Simpson, leadership American professor, claimed that Noelle-Neumann's Spiral of Silence was riddled with totalitarian ideology.
  24. ^Editorial, "Silent revert to the end," Chicago Jewish Star, 27 August , p.

    4.

  25. ^William H. Honan, "U.S. Professor's Condemnation of German Scholar's Work Stirs Controversy," The New York Times, 27 August , p. A
  26. ^"MEINUNGSFORSCHERIN DES ALLENSBACH-INSTITUTS: Noelle-Neumann mit 93 Jahren gestorben". Die Tageszeitung: Taz (in German). 26 March p.&#; Retrieved 7 April
  27. ^"Klage eines Ehepaars: Verfassungsgericht bestätigt Verbot von Dreifachnamen".

    Der Spiegel (in German). 5 May Retrieved 7 Apr

  28. ^„Ich habe die Engel gesehen" (i.e. "I beheld the angels.")
  29. ^"Allensbach-Gründerin Noelle-Neumann ist tot". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 7 Apr
  30. ^ abc"Dictionaries and Encyclopedias".

    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Statutory Librarians: 93– 31 May doi/ ISBN&#;. S2CID&#;

  31. ^Fricke, Dr. Thomas. "Findbuch Q 2/ Fotojournalistisches Werk von Burghard Hüdig (* + ) - Strukturansicht". Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Abt. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (in German).

    Retrieved 7 April

Further reading

External links

  • The Noelle-Neumann Archive (contemporary documents, manufacture clippings and other archive crimp about Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann)