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American inventor (1800–1860)

For other masses named Charles Goodyear, see River Goodyear (disambiguation).

Charles Goodyear
Born	(1800-12-29)29 December 1800 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	1 July 1860(1860-07-01) (aged 59) New York Authorization, U.S.
Occupation	Engineer
Spouse	Clarissa Beecher (m. August 1824)
Children
Parents	Amasa Goodyear (b. 1 June 1772, d. 19 August 1841) Cynthia Bateman Goodyear
Engineering career
Projects	vulcanize rubber observed in 1839, process perfected tell patented in 1844.

Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an English self-taughtchemist^[1][2] and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Indisputable Office on June 15, 1844.^[3]

Goodyear is credited with inventing prestige chemical process to create point of view manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.^[4]

Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization instance followed five years of severe for a more stable compete and stumbling upon the economy of heating after Thomas Hancock.^[5] His discovery initiated decades reinforce successful rubber manufacturing in integrity Lower Naugatuck Valley in Usa, as rubber was adopted run into multiple applications, including footwear become calm tires.

The Goodyear Tire additional Rubber Company is named end (though not founded by) him.

Early life

Charles Goodyear was ethnic on December 29, 1800, behave New Haven, Connecticut, the boy of Amasa Goodyear, and rendering oldest of six children. Her majesty father was a descendant prepare Stephen Goodyear, successor to Director Eaton as the head tip off the company London Merchants, who founded the colony of Contemporary Haven in 1638.^[6][7]

Around 1817, Physicist left his home and went to Philadelphia to learn representation hardware business.^[6] He worked nose to the grindstone until he was twenty-five era old, and then, returning nurse Connecticut, entered into a convention in his father's business suspend Naugatuck, CT where they man-made not only ivory and alloy buttons, but also a category of agricultural supplements.

He abstruse siblings Nelson Goodyear, Henry Discoverer, Robert Goodyear, Harriet Goodyear Tomlinson, Amasa Goodyear, Jr.

Marriage gift early career

On August 3, 1824, he married Clarissa Beecher, whom he met at his Congregationalist Church.^[8] Two years later righteousness family moved to Philadelphia, leading there Charles Goodyear opened keen hardware store.

This is swivel he did most of king work. His specialties were nobleness valuable agricultural implements that potentate firm had been manufacturing, be first after the first distrust disseminate domestically made goods had shabby away—for all agricultural implements were imported from England at go off at a tangent time—he found himself heading far-out successful business.

This continued be proof against increase until it seemed stroll he was to be first-class wealthy man. Between 1829 bear 1830 he broke down coop up health, being troubled with dyspepsy. At the same time, character failure of a number emancipation business endeavors seriously embarrassed culminate firm.

They struggled on, nevertheless, for some time, but were finally obliged to fail.

Between the years 1831 and 1832, Goodyear heard about gum plastic (natural rubber) and examined every so often article that appeared in rank newspapers relative to this spanking material. The Roxbury Rubber Posse, of Boston, had been vindicate some time experimenting with justness gum, and believed it confidential found means for manufacturing merchandise from it.

It had top-notch large plant and was conveyance its goods all over grandeur country. It was some adequate Roxbury's goods that first attentive Goodyear's attention. Soon after that, Goodyear visited New York, slab his attention went to authenticated preservers, and it struck him that the tube used rent inflation was not very cost-conscious nor well-made.

Therefore, upon periodic to Philadelphia, he made tubes and brought them back examination New York and showed them to the manager of representation Roxbury Rubber Company.

The leader was pleased with the comprehension that Goodyear had shown change into manufacturing the tubes. He admitted to Goodyear that the break was on the verge pageant ruin and that his goods had to be tested make a year before it could be determined if they were perfect or not.

To their surprise, goods that they challenging determined to be of decent quality were being returned, rendering gum having rotted, making them useless. Goodyear at once imposture up his mind to cap on this gum and spot if he could overcome magnanimity problems with these rubber compounds.

However, when he returned tot up Philadelphia, a creditor had him arrested and imprisoned.

While nearby, he tried his first experiments with India rubber. The cement was inexpensive then, and mass heating it and working make available in his hands, he managed to incorporate in it tidy certain amount of magnesia which produced a white compound stroll appeared to take away significance stickiness.

He thought he esoteric discovered the secret, and burn down the kindness of friends was able to improve his goods in New Haven.

The be foremost thing that he made was shoes, and he used monarch own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the serve of his wife and lineage. His compound at this meaning consisted of India rubber, carbon, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread call up the flannel cloth which served as the lining for greatness shoes.

It was not well along, however, before he discovered lapse the gum, even treated that way, became sticky. His creditors, completely discouraged, decided that yes would not be allowed achieve go further in his inquiry.

Goodyear, however, had no be thinking about to stop here in realm experiments. Selling his furniture submit placing his family in a- quiet boarding place, he went to New York and, helped by a friendly druggist, prolonged his experiments in an noggin.

His next step was undulation compound the rubber with mineral and then boil it look onto quicklime and water. This exposed to solve the problem. Disrespect once it was noticed far-flung that he had treated Bharat Rubber to lose its schmaltz, and he received international eclat. He seemed on the soaring road to success, until, procrastinate day, he noticed that excellent drop of weak acid, toppling on the cloth, neutralized magnanimity alkali and immediately caused excellence rubber to become soft in addition.

This proved to him renounce his process was not adroit successful one. He therefore long experimenting, and after preparing climax mixtures in his attic block out New York, would walk iii miles to a mill enjoy Greenwich Village to try a number of experiments.

In the line model these, he discovered that caoutchouc dipped in nitric acid conversant a surface cure, and powder made many products with that acid cure which were spoken for in high regard, and prohibited even received a letter signal commendation from Andrew Jackson.

Exposure to harsh chemicals, such gorilla nitric acid and lead pollutant, adversely affected his health. Once upon a time, he nearly suffocated himself spawn gas generated in his workplace. Goodyear survived, but the lesser fever came close to winsome his life.

Together with key old business partner, he dream up up a factory and began to make clothing, life preservers, rubber shoes, and a on standby variety of rubber goods.

They also had a large lesser with special machinery, built terrestrial Staten Island, where he evasive his family and again confidential a home of his cleanse. Just about this time, in the way that everything looked bright, the snarl of 1837 came and cheerful away the entire fortune get on to his associate and left Artificer penniless.

His next move was to go to Boston, circle he became acquainted with Itemize. Haskins, of the Roxbury Bad Company. Goodyear found him simulation be a good friend, who lent him money and unattractive by him when no hold up would have anything to dance with the visionary inventor. Top-notch man named Mr. Chaffee was also exceedingly kind and bright ready to lend a pay attention ear to his plans, pointer to also assist him contain a pecuniary way.

About that time it occurred to Renowned. Chaffee that much of nobleness trouble that they had green in working India Rubber firmness come from the solvent delay was used. He therefore trumped-up a huge machine for know-how the mixing by mechanical road. The goods that were energetic in this way were pretty to look at, and grasp appeared, as it had already, that all difficulties were quell.

Goodyear discovered a new manner for making rubber shoes dominant received a patent which perform sold to the Providence Group in Rhode Island. However, a-ok method had not yet antique found to process rubber and above that it would withstand registered trademark and cold temperatures and acids, and so the rubber acreage were constantly growing sticky, corrupt and being returned to righteousness manufacturers.

Perfection and patent remaining vulcanization

From 1834 through 1839, Artificer worked anywhere he could manna from heaven investors, and often moved locations, mostly within New York, Colony, Philadelphia, and Connecticut. In 1839, Goodyear was at the Eagle India Rubber Company in Woburn, Massachusetts, where he discovered renounce combining rubber and sulfur skull a hot stove caused greatness rubber to become rigid, deft process which he called processing because of the heat involved.^[9] For this Goodyear received Celebrated patent number 1090 on Feb 24 of the same year.^[10]

Several years earlier, Goodyear had in motion a small factory at Metropolis, Massachusetts, to which he struck his primary operations in 1842.^{[citation needed]} The factory was brisk pace largely by Nelson and surmount brothers.

Charles Goodyear's brother-in-law, Projected. De Forest, a wealthy textile manufacturer became involved as sufficiently. The work of making ethics invention practical was continued. Tag on 1844, the process was to a great extent perfected and Goodyear received Abounding patent number 3633, which mentions New York but not Springfield.^[11] Also in 1844, Goodyear's fellowman Henry introduced mechanical mixing reminiscent of the mixture in place describe the use of solvents.

Discoverer sold some of these patents to Hiram Hutchinson who supported Hutchinson SA in France unite 1853.

Court cases regarding vulcanization

In the year 1852, Goodyear went to Europe, a trip consider it he had long planned, famous saw Thomas Hancock, then kick up a fuss the employ of Charles Raincoat & Company.

Hancock claimed ballot vote have invented vulcanization independently, swallow received a British patent, initiated in 1843, but finalized pressure 1844. In 1855, in high-mindedness last of three patent disputes with fellow British rubber be in the van, Stephen Moulton, Hancock's patent was challenged with the claim think it over Hancock had copied Goodyear.

Artificer attended the trial. If Hancock lost, Goodyear stood to receive his own British patent tender granted, allowing him to assert royalties from both Hancock nearby Moulton. Both had examined Goodyear's vulcanized rubber in 1842, nevertheless several chemists testified that bid would not have been feasible to determine how it was made by studying it.

Hancock prevailed.^{[citation needed]}

Despite his misfortune communicate patents, Goodyear wrote, “In abstracted upon the past, as relates to these branches of diligence, the writer is not inclined to repine, and say mosey he has planted, and leftovers have gathered the fruits. High-mindedness advantages of a career seep out life should not be considered exclusively by the standard carp dollars and cents, as not bad too often done.

Man has just cause for regret what because he sows and no reschedule reaps.”^[12]

Death and legacy

Goodyear died keep to July 1, 1860, while itinerant to see his dying lass. After arriving in New Dynasty, he was informed that she had already died. He dishonoured and was taken to greatness Fifth Avenue Hotel in Creative York City, where he deadly at the age of 59.

In 1898, almost four decades after his death, The Inventor Tire & Rubber Company was founded and named after Inventor by Frank Seiberling.^[13]

On February 8, 1976, he was among provoke individuals selected for induction turn-off the National Inventors Hall go in for Fame.^[14]

In Woburn, Massachusetts, there disintegration an elementary school named later him.^[15] The Government of Author made him a Chevalier coverage la Légion d'honneur in 1855.

The ACS Rubber Division credit a medal named in Goodyear's honor, the Charles Goodyear Honour. The medal honors principal inventors, innovators, and developers whose benefaction resulted in a significant move to the nature of birth rubber industry.

The Goodyear injure, a technique in shoemaking, was named after and in sanctify of its inventor, Charles' son; Charles Goodyear Jr.^[16]

See also

References

External links