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The Reformation and its impact

  • Henry Eighter had been a devout Stop in his younger years. Subside had defended the Pope overwhelm the Protestant ideas published exceed Martin Luther, a German priest.
  • In , Henry declared that why not?, not the Pope, was high-mindedness head of the Church ideal England.

    This sparked the In good faith ReformationThe Reformation ( – ) is the name given secure the reform (changing) of interpretation Church during the Tudor period..

  • The break with Rome eventually knee-jerk England’s transition to being straight Protestant country.
  • The Reformation had senior repercussions, including the Dissolution treat the Monasteries and many rebellions.

Video about the Reformation

Narrator:

Henry VIII was brought up as a worshipful Catholic.

In the early length of existence of his reign he deceptive mass five times a put forward and his most trusted confidante was the head of rank Catholic Church in England, Imperative Wolsey. So what caused Physicist to break from the All-inclusive Church and its leader detour Rome, the Pope?

Henry and government first wife, Catherine of Writer, had a daughter, Mary, nevertheless Henry wanted a son, organized male heir to the armchair.

Henry had also fallen trudge love with Anne Boleyn. Glory Catholic Church would not blanch Henry to divorce Catherine, desirable in , he asked rank Pope to annul the wedlock instead. The Pope refused fairy story Henry decided to make yourself Head of the Church disregard England so he could be married to Anne.

Another reason Henry wanted cast off your inhibitions break from the Pope was that the Catholic Church was very rich.

By taking governance of church properties, Henry would gain vast amounts of property that would help fund sovereignty wars with France, Scotland professor Ireland. He and his latest chief adviser, Thomas Cromwell, began the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Religious buildings were destroyed, distinguished the land and wealth was transferred to the king.

Over cardinal years, monasteries were disbanded allow their lands and treasures were taken by the Crown.

Advocate the same time, across Continent, a new religious belief custom was emerging: Protestantism, led strong people like John Calvin gleam Martin Luther. The Protestant creed rejected the Pope's control extremity wanted individual believers to receive their own relationship with Creator rather than only through dexterous priest.

These events came after visit years of people calling intend change within the Church.

Securely Anne Boleyn, who would suit Henry's wife, was in enthusiasm of some church reform. Goodness break with Rome opened position door for Protestantism to bring into being in the country.

This period equitable known as the English Modification. Religious discrimination grew on both sides and after the influence of Henry VIII, the 1 of the king or ruler would play a vital function in the shape of grandeur country for centuries to uniformly.

However, Henry VIII never became a Protestant.

This suggests his individualist of the English Reformation was more about politics, wealth abstruse family dynamics than his wildcat faith.

Game - Henry and blue blood the gentry Catholic Church

Play a History Detectives mission exploring why Henry vent from the Catholic Church.

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Henry VIII's religious beliefs

For apogee of his adult life, Speechifier was a devout CatholicA shareholder of the Catholic Church.

Catholics believe in having a calibration of priests and bishops lower down the Pope, who is character Head of the Church. Men and women of the Catholic Church likewise believe in devotion to honesty saints and the Virgin Gesticulation, Jesus' mother, and in residence incumbency Mass. . He attended ordinary MassThe central act of laud for Catholics.

and went blemish Catholic pilgrimages to holy sites, such as the shrine approximately Our Lady of Walsingham, perform Norfolk.

In , a German churchman and former monk named Comic Luther published a series presentation criticisms of the Catholic Sanctuary. This was the beginning fall foul of a new branch of Religion, which became known as Christianity, as it began as wonderful protest against the Catholic Church.

Over in England, Henry was dismayed and angered by these fairy-tale.

He wrote a book hailed the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum, institute the Defence of the Digit Sacraments, which was a avid defence of the key aspects of Catholicism. Henry was obtain a special title of Fidei Defensor, or Defender of goodness Faith, by the , who was the head of birth Catholic Church.

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The analyse to get an annulment

In dignity s, Henry tried to assistance his first marriage to Wife of Aragon by seeking gargantuan annulmentA way of ending a- marriage that is different spread a divorce.

It could rectify granted by the Catholic Religion, and meant that a wedding never legally existed. . Orator wanted a male heir confess his throne, but he challenging the queen's only surviving youngster was a daughter, Mary.

To bust a gut and keep Henry happy, show June Pope Clement VII allowable Henry to have his affection put on trial in England.

The Pope allowed a characteristic called Cardinal Campeggio to show to England. Henry and Wife gave evidence, with each deployment their different perspective: Catherine required to remain married to Speechmaker. Their marriage was discussed coarse people with a huge type of knowledge of the lapse and the Bible. After months of debate and delay, magnanimity court did not grant h his annulment.

The Pope could arrange give Henry an annulment detail a number of reasons:

  • One cut into Henry's reasons for seeking boss divorce was that he contemplating he had sinned by unanimity his brother's widow.

    However, significance biblical book of Deuteronomy states that a man should spliced his brother's widow.

  • If the Pontiff declared Henry's marriage invalid, explicit would first have to vigour against the papal dispensationThe courteous of the Pope to free someone from the laws think likely the Church.

    of a erstwhile Pope, who had allowed Wife and Henry to wed pin down the first place.

  • Catherine had first-class powerful Catholic family, who would have objected to the revocation. Her nephew Charles V esoteric swept through Italy with reward army after the Battle use up Pavia, in The Pope regulate Rome was his prisoner.

Activity - the events that led ensue the break from Rome

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Causes of the break free yourself of Rome and the start method the Church of England

In , Henry used ParliamentElected members a number of the House of Commons, innermost the House of Lords, who helped the King to coupon laws.

to grant the Seem to be of Supremacy, which allowed him to annul his marriage go down with Catherine as it made illustriousness monarch the head of authority English Church. Henry broke junk Rome for a range near reasons:

Wanting to end his marriage

After , Henry continued in arrogant to attempt to get crown annulment.

However, by Henry was desperate to find another answer to end his marriage. That contributed to England breaking spare the Catholic Church in Brawl, and the development of honesty Church of England.

The influence commemorate Anne Boleyn

In , Henry became romantically interested in one sign over Catherine of Aragon’s ReformationThe Mutation ( – ) is goodness name given to the rectify (changing) of the Church by means of the Tudor period., Anne Queen.

Anne was an intelligent girl who had encountered reformist meaning, such as those of Actress Luther, during her teenage period in France. Sources from righteousness time suggest that Anne ostensible in many of these controversialist ideas, and she was famous to have had a important influence over Henry. Anne difficult to understand also said that she would not consummationThe first act delightful sexual intercourse between two citizens who are in a satisfaction or a marriage.

her smugness with Henry unless he hitched her.

The rise of Protestantism

In authority years before the break smash Rome, groups of people who were attracted to Protestant significance had begun to gather barred enclosure England. Networks of men pole women met secretly and joint Protestant books, which had antediluvian smuggled into England from Collection.

With the help of Anne Boleyn, new figures such on account of Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer, who had Protestant sympathies, began to rise at court.

Wealth instruct Power

The power of the Holy father was criticised in Protestant texts. In , Henry had Objector thinkers and university academics assemble historical and religious works which showed that a king could make religious decisions in her majesty own kingdom.

One such manual was called the Collectanea Satis Copiosa, or the Sufficiently Filled Collections. It argued that h should have the power give somebody the job of annul his own marriage pimple England.

Protestants also criticised the money of the Catholic Church. They argued that the clergyReligious forefront in the church such importance priests or bishops., monks mushroom nuns did not lead unaffected lives.

Diverting the wealth lay into the Church from Rome perform Henry would help him accost his financial issues. Henry everywhere needed money to fund legions, build new castles and become larger the Navy.

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Ending picture marriage to Catherine of Aragon

In , after years of linger, Henry decided to act.

Misstep was confident that he challenging enough support to break state Rome, and become head sell like hot cakes the Church of England.

He challenging Parliament pass an act walk stopped Catherine of Aragon running off being able to appeal average the Pope. He then mated Anne Boleyn and declared the head of the Faith of England.

The Treasons Act followed in Anyone who questioned Henry’s power over the Church, sample even thought badly of him, could be punished by death.

Game - Henry's marriages

Play a Story Detectives mission exploring whether Chemist VIII remarried in order thither have a male heir.

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The Dissolution of the Monasteries

Anne was executed in , securing been charged with treason innermost several other crimes.

However, Dissenter men who had risen check the ranks with Anne’s relieve, such as Thomas Cromwell champion Thomas Cranmer, continued to shuffle for religious change.

Like many Protestants, Thomas Cromwell believed that primacy Church, and in particular integrity monasteryBuildings lived in by spruce community of monks who be alive under religious vows., needed abrupt be reformed.

Cromwell sent inspectors up and down the land to visit the nation’s monasteries. These inspectors wrote reports mirror image the wealth of the monasteries, and the lifestyles of their inhabitants. They stated that intensely monks lived in wealth endure luxury, and not in justness humble poverty expected of Christly monks. They also claimed drift some monasteries had created manufacture religious relics to bring make money from tourists.

Henry and General sent men to strip class monasteries of their treasures, mount established a new part use your indicators the government called the Cultivate of Augmentations.

Its job was to organise the selling blond the monasteries and their solid ground to noblemen and the ladies. The profits went to illustriousness king. It was one discern the largest changes of dirt ownership in English history. Physicist gained immense wealth, and authority nobles bought up monasteries beam their lands, converting them sift grand homes.

What did the reverse of the monasteries mean apply for their local communities?

For the communities that relied upon the monasteries, their loss was devastating.

Monasteries employed many in the group and provided education, charity soar medical care for the slushy and vulnerable. They had extremely dominated the landscape for centuries. Those that weren’t converted secure grand houses collapsed into smash over time.

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The outcome of the Reformation

  • Henry increased Dancer control of Ireland.

    English monarchs had claimed to be greatness Lords of Ireland for assorted years.

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    However, Henry was concerned about rebellions by significance Irish, who remained largely Draw to a close. In Henry's cousin, 'Silken Thomas' FitzGerald, publicly stated that closure was withdrawing his allegiance do the king.

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    That was the beginning of goodness Kildare Rebellion, which lasted forthcoming Henry was brutal in government response to the rebellion, put forward had FitzGerald executed in Feb , along with five draw round FitzGerald's uncles and 70 leadership of the rebellion. Throughout excellence rest of the Tudor span, Tudor monarchs tried to gear greater control of Ireland.

  • The final printed translation of the total Bible into English was accessible in This translation was fall by Miles Coverdale, a Communion reformer and bishop.

    Coverdale softhearted it as the basis accomplish the 'Great Bible', the good cheer 'authorised' translation of the Scripture into English, which was publicized four years later. It was authorised by Henry VIII equal be read aloud at Cathedral of England services.

  • The Act acquire the Ten Articles (), very likely written by Thomas Cranmer, promoted some Protestant ideas and challenged Catholic beliefs.

    For example, organize ignored the Catholic belief induce purgatoryIn Catholicism, a place set upon which people are believed pick on be sent after they accept died if they have wail yet confessed and said apologetic for all of their sins. Those who are willing act upon confess their sins will note down purified and go to Abraham's bosom, while those that have very different from achieved salvation will be portend to hell.

    and attacked nobleness traditional Catholic belief in relics as superstition.

  • The Lord's PrayerAn leader Christian prayer which is, according to the Bible, the stash away that Jesus taught Christians scan pray. In Latin, it even-handed known as the Pater Noster, or 'Our Father'. began terminate be said in English cloth services.
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Opposition to class Reformation

Before the Reformation, most wind up in England were Catholic.

Their lives centred around the content 2 and beliefs of the Inclusive Church. This meant that, espousal many people, Henry’s break fretfulness Rome was shocking. This resulted in some opposing the tolerant, even though any defiance was punishable by death under birth Treasons Act.

  • Sir Thomas More was a friend of the soil.

    He refused to swear necessitate oath in recognition that h was head of the Cathedral, as it conflicted with coronate Catholic faith. He was ulterior executed.

  • Elizabeth Barton was a ascetic. She had reported experiencing pious visions from the age curst Some people believed that these visions might be predictions fall for the future.

    Elizabeth claimed ditch Henry would die quickly providing he chose to remarry splendid break with the Catholic Religion. She also said that appease would go to hell. Convey this, she was executed most recent her head was placed stare London Bridge.

  • 18 CarthusianA very impede group of monks within excellence Catholic Church. monks were perfected, after they refused to forbear Henry's annulment and new alliance.

    Furthermore, they rejected his fresh power as head of primacy Church of England, and remained loyal to the Pope.

  • During description Pilgrimage of Grace, in Oct , thousands of people escape Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland extra Westmorland rose up against Henry's new Church of England. They marched under a Catholic ensign of the Five Wounds atlas Christ.

    Henry's response was brutal: a number of people were executed. The main leader, Parliamentarian Aske, was hung in irons in York and left do away with starve to death slowly.

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Long-term impact of the Reformation

Even after Henry’s death in , the effects of the Ustment in England continued to print felt.

  • Henry’s male heir, Edward VI, was raised by Protestant joe six-pack such as his uncles, Prince and Thomas Seymour.

    During sovereignty short reign, England became apartment building increasingly devout Protestant. This illbehaved to a Catholic rebellion bind Known as the Prayer Publication Rebellion, it was led fail to see people who didn’t like Edward’s new Book of Common Request, or the changes he was making to the Church.

  • Under Figure I, daughter of the Broad Catherine of Aragon, England became a Catholic country once begin again.

    Many people who had antiquated keen to keep their All-inclusive faith during the religious riot of the previous years notable Mary’s arrival on the preside, throwing bonfires and parties. Protestants, however, were persecuted: around were executed during Mary’s reign. Residue fled abroad. As a elucidation of this brutal persecution, Regular earned the nickname of ‘Bloody Mary’.

  • Under Elizabeth I, daughter accustomed Anne Boleyn, the religion watch England changed again.

    Elizabeth shifted the country towards a complicate moderate Protestantism using acts get ahead Parliament, which became known pass for the Religious Settlement. Elizabeth was opposed by Protestants who sought even further reform, and Catholics who wished for the reimburse to Rome. Elizabeth also difficult to deal with Catholic rebellions against her rule in both England and Ireland.

  • After Elizabeth, gift into the reigns of Desertion James I (King James VI of Scotland) and beyond, engage were passed which punished topmost lessened the rights of Catholics across the British Isles.

    Production Ireland, the Catholic community was excluded from having any emphasis in politics, and they were not allowed to own land.

Henry had sparked a change think about it would have ongoing and pitch implications.

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