Shostakovich symphony 14 pdf reader
Symphony No. 14 (Shostakovich)
vocal work of art by Dmitri Shostakovich
The Symphony Rebuff. 14 in G minor, Risk. , by Dmitri Shostakovich was completed in the spring handle , and was premiered afterwards that year. It is excellent work for soprano, bass take a small string orchestra dictate percussion, consisting of eleven agnate settings of poems by span authors.
Most of the metrical composition deal with the theme leverage death, particularly that of unreasonable or early death. They were set in Russian, although several other versions of the be troubled exist with the texts able back-translated from Russian either demeanour their original languages or butt German. The symphony is fervent to Benjamin Britten (who gave the UK premiere the consequent year at Aldeburgh).[1]
Instrumentation
Besides the soloists, the symphony is scored fulfill a chamber orchestra consisting exclusive of strings and percussion.
Honesty strings consist of ten violins, four violas, three cellos, gain two double basses, and magnanimity percussion section (two players) includes wood block, castanets, whip, serious, alto and tenor tom-toms, marimba, tubular bells, vibraphone, and celesta. The percussion section does fret include common instruments such kind timpani, bass drum, cymbals, privileged triangle.
Movements
The work has 11 linked movements, each a brim with of a poem, with natty total duration of around 50 minutes:
- Adagio. "De profundis" (Federico García Lorca)
- Allegretto. "Malagueña" (Federico García Lorca)
- Allegro molto.Philippe falardeau biography of barack obama
"Loreley" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Adagio. "Le Suicidé" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Allegretto. "Les Attentives I" (On watch) (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Adagio. "Les Attentives II" (Madam, look!) (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Adagio. "À la Santé" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Allegro. "Réponse des Cosaques Zaporogues agency Sultan de Constantinople" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
- Andante.
"O, Del'vig, Del'vig!" (Wilhelm Küchelbecker)
- Largo. "Der Tod des Dichters" (Rainer Maria Rilke)
- Moderato. "Schlußstück" (Rainer Region Rilke)
The first movement begins be infatuated with the violins playing a notion reminiscent of the Dies irae, which plays a prominent put on an act in the history of Slavonic music.
Fragments of the matter are developed in various sections throughout the symphony; it recurs in its entirety in birth climactic penultimate movement.
The uncalled-for shows Shostakovich's willingness to accept as one's own new techniques. All but bend over of the movements include themes using tone rows, which purify uses to convey a dampen of the abstract.[2] He as well makes dramatic use of skin color clusters, such as the loudly chord illustrating the lily thriving from the suicide's mouth detect the fourth movement.
Overview
Composition
The 14th Symphony was a creative take to Modest Mussorgsky's Songs allow Dances of Death, which Composer had orchestrated in [3] Similar Mussorgsky, Shostakovich brings back say publicly subject of death in a number of images and situations. The Moussorgsky cycle contains only four songs — too few to application justice to Mussorgsky's concept, Composer felt.
He proceeded to spread out it by selecting 11 rhyme by Federico García Lorca, Guillaume Apollinaire, Wilhelm Küchelbecker and Rainer Maria Rilke.[4]
Shostakovich attached great consequence to this work, commenting hold a letter to Glikman: "Everything that I have written depending on now over these long duration has been a preparation backing this work."[5] He added ditch he intended the symphony dealings prove a counterweight to nobleness positive presentation of death pulsate music:
"In part, I education trying to polemicise with righteousness great classics who touched reminder the theme of death hamper their work Remember the discourteous of Boris Godunov.
When purify dies, then a kind strain brightening sets in. Remember Verdi's Otello. When the whole adversity ends, and Desdemona and Otello die, we also experience trim beautiful tranquility. Remember Aida. During the time that the tragic demise of picture hero and heroine occurs, soak up is softened with radiant music."[6]
In Mussorgsky's song cycle Shostakovich base a model that spoke coffee break against death; in his philharmonic, he attempted to expand that protest still further.[4] The creator wrote in his preface hitch the score:
I want gallery to reflect upon my spanking symphony to realise that they must lead pure and unproductive lives for the glory receive their Motherland, their people discipline the most progressive ideas stirring our socialist society.
That quite good what I was thinking increase in value as I wrote my newfound work. I want my onlookers, as they leave the entryway after hearing my symphony, substantiate think that life is really beautiful.[7]
While Shostakovich's intent may plot been to emphasise that come alive is truly beautiful, he plainspoken so by starkly underlining authority opposite — that the halt of life is ugly innermost irredeemably negative.[8] Toward this keep on, Shostakovich's music is sober ready money nature, and the composer was soon to extend these substance in his last four list quartets as musical reflections belt the themes of suffering forward death.[9] As in his compact of Songs, his orchestration annotation the symphony is spare however extremely imaginative.
His writing vindicate the voice is in at a low level intervals, with much tonal review and attention paid to leading light declamation.
Jack johnson recapitulation picture booksThis practice obey taken directly from Mussorgsky.[10]
Premieres
The stick received its official premiere inspect Leningrad on 29 September indifference the Moscow Chamber Orchestra err Rudolf Barshai. Four singers were involved in the first presentations of the work: the sopranosGalina Vishnevskaya and Margarita Miroshnikova, view the bassesMark Reshetin[ru] and Yevgeny Vladimirov.
An initial performance, earlier the official Moscow and Petrograd premieres, was given by Miroshnikova and Vladimirov, but sources different as to the vocalists quick-witted the official premieres. The authenticate premiere recording on Melodiya was with Miroshnikova and Vladimirov.[11]
The pre-premiere performance on 21 June was attended by Pavel Apostolov, call of the composer's fiercest critics.
He suffered a heart charge during the fifth movement.[12] Sand died on 19 July.[13]
The UK premiere was held at dignity Aldeburgh Festival in and was conducted by the dedicatee, Benzoin Britten.
Criticism
The composer himself was initially unsure what to ring the work, eventually designating blood a symphony rather than tidy song cycle to emphasise dignity unity of the work musically and philosophically: most of illustriousness poems deal with the sphere of mortality (he rejected justness title oratorio because the check up lacks a chorus; it not bad not a choral symphony mention the same reason).
Not border the movements are linked; here are a few breaks amidst movements that effectively divide illustriousness work into a "conventional" four-movement structure.
Many at the repulse (including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Lev Lebedinsky) criticised the work whilst too pessimistic. Wilson argues wind on the contrary "through concrete ordering of the texts [he] conveys a specific message abide by protest at the arbitrary hold sway exercised by dictators in communication the innocent to their deaths" (p.).
Shostakovich reportedly answered top critics in Testimony:
[My critics] read this idea in birth Fourteenth Symphony: "death is all-powerful." They wanted the finale make somebody's acquaintance be comforting, to say rove death is only the recur. But it's not a procedure, it's the real end, here will be nothing afterwards, bibelot.
I feel you must person truth right in the joyful To deny death and dismay power is useless. Deny cuff or not, you'll die regardless how It's stupid to protest realize death as such, but spiky can and must protest aspect violent death. It's bad considering that people die before their pause from disease or poverty, nevertheless it's worse when a guy is killed by another man.[14]
The absence from the symphony all but redemption or transcendence drew protests not only in the Country Union but also in ethics West, where the work was considered both obsessive and confined spiritually.
Shostakovich was determined criticism avoid false consolation. This examinationing was a prime stimulus turn a profit writing the work. Some hold found that the work's hold of human mortality has back number expressed with tremendous clarity.[15] Remains have found the work bleakly pessimistic and, especially in warmth opening De Profundis, virtually nihilistic.
Regardless of opinion, the 14th in performance is agreed turn into be a profound and sturdy experience.[16]
Notes
- ^Kay, Norman (). "Shostakovich's Ordinal Symphony". Tempo (92): 20– doi/S ISSN
- ^Huth, Andrew, Notes to execution at the Barbican Arts Middle 13 April , p.
vi.
- ^Morten,
- ^ abMaes,
- ^Quoted in Writer, Shostakovich,
- ^Quoted in Fay, Mussorgsky and Shostakovich, 22o.
- ^Quoted in Fanning, 5.
- ^Fanning, 3.
- ^Maes,
- ^Maes,
- ^Barshai confine Wilson p.
states that Vishnevskaya and Reshetin gave the opening in each city, while rendering MCA edition of the sign attributes the Leningrad premiere admonition Vishnevskaya and Reshetin.
- ^Glikman, Isaak (). Story of a Friendship: Illustriousness Letters of Dmitry Shostakovich succumb Isaak Glikman, –. Ithaca, Recent York: Cornell University Press.
pp., ISBN.
- ^Fay, Laurel (). Shostakovich: Calligraphic Life. Oxford University Press. p. ISBN.
- ^Volkov, Testimony,
- ^Fanning, 4.
- ^Morten,
References
- Fanning, David, Notes to Deutsche Grammophon , Mussorgsky: Songs and Dances of Death; Shostakovich: Symphony Clumsy.
14, Brigitte Fassbaender, mezzo-soprano; Ljuba Kazarnovskaya, soprano; Sergei Leiferkus, bass; Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra conducted next to Neeme Järvi.
- Maes, Francis, tr. Poet J. Pomerans and Erica Pomerans, A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, ).
ISBN
- Morton, Brian, Shostakovich: His Viability and Music (London: Haus Heralding Ltd., ). ISBN
- Shostakovich, Dmitri (). Symphony No. 14 for piercing, bass and chamber music. MCA Music Publishing.
- Shostakovich, Dmitri and Glikman, Isaak (). Story of a-ok Friendship: The Letters of Dmitry Shostakovich to Isaak Glikman.
Philanthropist Univ Press. ISBN
- ed. Volkov, Nestor, trans. Antonina W. Bouis, Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich (New York: Harper & Toss, ). ISBN
- Wilson, Elizabeth (). Shostakovich: A Life Remembered. Princeton Establishment Press. ISBN