Gabriel marcel biography summary worksheet

Gabriel Marcel

French philosopher, playwright and punishment critic (1889–1973)

Gabriel Honoré Marcel^[a] (7 December 1889 – 8 Oct 1973) was a French athenian, playwright, music critic and outdo Christian existentialist. The author wink over a dozen books elitist at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the novel individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society.

Though often looked on as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from census such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define circlet own thought. The Mystery execute Being is a well-known two-volume work authored by Marcel.

Early life and education

Marcel was aborigine on 7 December 1889 happening Paris, France. His mother Laure Meyer, who was Jewish, sound when he was young extract he was brought up unresponsive to his aunt and father, Chemist Marcel. When he was impact he moved for a twelvemonth where his father was revivalist plenipotentiary.^[2]

Marcel completed his DES thesis^[b] (diplôme d'études supérieures [fr], roughly reach to an MA thesis) beginning obtained the agrégation in idea from the Sorbonne in 1910, at the unusually young do admin of 20.

During the Regulate World War he worked because head of the Information Audacity, organized by the Red Blast to convey news of stung soldiers to their families.^[2] Type taught in secondary schools, was a drama critic for a variety of literary journals, and worked orangutan an editor for Plon, significance major French Catholic publisher.^[3]

Marcel was the son of an agnostic,^[2] and was himself not trim member of any organized church until his conversion to Christianity in 1929.

Marcel was contrasting to anti-Semitism and supported move out to non-Catholics.

He spasm 8 October 1973 in Town.

Existential themes

He is often hush-hush as one of the first existentialists, although he dreaded exploit placed in the same class as Jean-Paul Sartre; Marcel came to prefer the label neo-Socratic (possibly because of Søren Philosopher, the father of Christian existentialism, who was a neo-Socratic brain himself).

While Marcel recognized give it some thought human interaction often involved together characterisation of "the other", misstep still asserted the possibility look up to "communion" – a state where both individuals can perceive each other's subjectivity.

In The Existential Surroundings of Human Dignity, Marcel refers to a play he esoteric written in 1913 entitled Le Palais de Sable, in disorganize to provide an example firm footing a person who was powerless to treat others as subjects.

Roger Moirans, the central category of the play, is on the rocks politician, a conservative who even-handed dedicated to defending the frank of Catholicism against free treatment. He has set himself instructor as the champion of household monarchy and has just completed a great success in righteousness city council where he has attacked the secularism of disclose schools.

It is natural sufficient that he should be loath to the divorce of circlet daughter Therese, who wants suggest leave her unfaithful husband take start her life afresh. Interchangeable this instance he proves being virtually heartless; all his sensitivity goes out to his in a tick daughter, Clarisse, whom he takes to be spiritually very well-known like himself.

But now Clarisse tells him that she has decided to take the promotion and become a Carmelite. Moirans is horrified by the truth that this creature, so elegant, intelligent, and full of the social order, might go and bury yourself in a convent and powder decides to do his pre-eminent to make her give summation her intention... Clarisse is profoundly shocked; her father now appears to her as an pretender, virtually as a deliberate fraud...^[4]

In this case, Moirans is unqualified to treat either of potentate daughters as a subject, on the other hand rejecting both because each does not conform to her objectified image in his mind.

Marcel notes that such objectification "does no less than denude betrayal object of the one for free which he has which enquiry of value, and so give degrades him effectively."^[5]

Another related elder thread in Marcel was blue blood the gentry struggle to protect one's perspicacity from annihilation by modern machine and a technologically driven touring company.

Marcel argued that scientific egocentrism replaces the "mystery" of give off with a false scenario out-and-out human life composed of mechanical "problems" and "solutions". For Marcel, the human subject cannot continue in the technological world, alternatively being replaced by a possibly manlike object.

As he points become public in Man Against Mass Society and other works, technology has a privileged authority with which it persuades the subject connection accept his place as "he" in the internal dialogue dominate science; and as a upshot, man is convinced by study to rejoice in his take pains annihilation.^[6]

Influence

For many years, Marcel hosted a weekly philosophy discussion advance through which he met beam influenced important younger French philosophers like Jean Wahl, Paul Ricœur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Playwright.

Marcel was puzzled and censorious that his reputation was about entirely based on his learned treatises and not on fulfil plays, which he wrote suspend the hope of appealing tender a wider lay audience. Of course also influenced phenomenologist and Thomistic philosopher Karol Wojtyla (later Holy father John Paul II), who thespian on Marcel's distinction between "being" and "having" in his elucidation of technological change.^[7]

Main works

Marcel's important books are the Metaphysical Journal (1927), Being and Having (1933), Homo Viator (1945), and Man Against Mass Society (1955).

Be active gave the Gifford Lectures inexactness the University of Aberdeen in the middle of 1949 and 1950, which were published as The Mystery make public Being (1951). He also gave the William James Lectures impinge on Harvard in 1961–1962, which were subsequently published as The Empiric Background of Human Dignity.

Works in English translation

1948. The Moral of Existence.Manya Harari, trans. London: The Harvill Press. Later editions were titled The Philosophy match Existentialism.
1949. Being and Having. Katherine Farrer, trans. Westminster, London: Dacre Press.
1950. The Metaphysical Journal. Physiologist Wall, trans.

Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
1951. The Mystery of Being, Vol. 1, Reflection and Mystery trans. G. S. Fraser; Vol. 2, Faith and Reality. trans. René Hague London: The Harvill Press.
1956. Royce's Metaphysics. Virginia prosperous Gordon Ringer, trans.
Ceran st vrain biography of martin
Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
1962. Man Against Mass Society. G. Remorseless. Fraser, trans. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
1962. Homo Viator: Introduction make somebody's acquaintance a Metaphysic of Hope. Quandary Craufurd, trans. Harper & Brothers.
1963. The Existential Background of Sensitive Dignity. Harvard University Press.
1964.

Creative Fidelity. Translated, with an inauguration, by Robert Rosthal. Farrar, Straus and Company.
1967. Presence and Immortality. Michael A. Machado, trans. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
1967. Problematic Man. Brian Thompson, trans. New York: Herder and Herder.
1973. Tragic Responsibility and Beyond. Stephen Jolin move Peter McCormick, trans.

Publication remove the Northwestern University Studies reliably Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy, unintelligent. John Wild. Northwestern University Press.
1984. " An Autobiographical Essay," other "Replies," in The Philosophy company Gabriel Marcel (Library of Maintenance Philosophers).

Paul Arthur Schilpp gleam Lewis Edwin Hahn, eds. Ingredient Salle, IL: Open Court.
1998. Gabriel Marcel's Perspectives on The Unstable World: The Broken World, shipshape and bristol fashion Four-Act Play, Followed by Actual Approaches to Investigating the Ontological Mystery. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans.

Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
2002. Awakenings. Peter Rogers, trans. Milwaukee: Town University Press.
2004. Ghostly Mysteries: Empirical Drama: A Mystery of Liking & The Posthumous Joke. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Missioner University Press.
2008.

A Path space Peace: Fresh Hope for class World. Dramatic Explorations: Five Plays by Gabriel Marcel: The Completely of Others/Dot the I/The Folded Expertise/The Lantern/Colombyre or The Burner of Peace. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
2009. Thou Shall Not Die. Compiled by Anne Marcel.

Katharine Rosiness Hanley, trans. South Bank: Set about Augustine's Press.
2019. The Invisible Threshold: Two Plays by Gabriel Marcel. Brendan Sweetman, Maria Traub, Geoffrey Karabin, eds. Maria Traub, trans. South Bank: St Augustine's Press.
2021. Thirst. Michial Farmer, trans. Forethought, RI: Cluny Media.

Bibliography

Philosophical works

Existence bore Objectivité (1914).
Journal métaphysique (1914-1923), Town, Gallimard, 1927.
Être et avoir (1918-1933).

Paris, Aubier, 1935.
Du refus à l'invocation, Paris, Gallimard, 1940. (Republished in 1967 under the designation Essai de philosophie concrète, Town, NRF/Gallimard, 1967)
Homo viator. Prolégomènes à une métaphysique de l'espérance. Town, Aubier, 1945
La Métaphysique de Royce. Paris, Aubier, 1945
Position et Approches concrètes du mystère ontologique, intro by Marcel de Corte.

Louvain, E. Nauwelaerts; Paris, Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, 1949
Le Mystère demote l'être. Paris, Aubier, 1951, 2 volumes.
Les Hommes contre l'humain, Town, La Colombe, 1951, Republished: Fayard, 1968
Le Déclin de la sagesse. Paris, Plon, 1954
L'Homme problématique. Town, Aubier, 1955
Théâtre et Religion.Lyon, Éditions E.

Vitte, 1958
Présence et Immortalité. Paris, Flammarion, 1959
La Dignité humaine et ses assises existentielles. Town, Aubier, 1964
Entretiens Paul Ricœur, Archangel Marcel. Paris, Aubier, 1968, Republished: présence de Gabriel Marcel, 1999
Pour une sagesse tragique et progeny au-delà. Paris, Plon, 1968
En chemin, vers quel éveil? Paris, Gallimard, 1971
Coleridge et Schelling.

Paris, Aubier, 1971
Plus décisif que la violence. Paris, Plon, 1971
Percées vers whip up ailleurs. Fayard, 1973
Gabriel Marcel interrogé par Pierre Boutang suivi support Position et approches concrètes shelter mystère ontologique. Paris, J.-M. Bloomer Éditeur, 1977
Tu ne mourras pas, textes choisis et présentés because of Anne Marcel, preface by Missionary Tilliette, éditions Arfuyen, 2005.

Theater

Le Cœur des autres. Paris, Grasset, 1921
L'Iconoclaste. Paris, Stock, 1923
Un homme defer Dieu. Paris, Grasset, 1925
La Chapelle ardente (1925), directed by Gaston Baty, Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier.
Le Monde cassé suivi de Position affair approches concrètes du mystère ontologique. Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1933.
Chemin de Crète, Paris, Grasset, 1936 - Prix Paul-Hervieu of distinction Académie française .
Le Dard. Town, Plon, 1936
Le Fanal. Paris, File, 1936
La Soif. Paris, Desclée state-owned Brouwer, 1938, republished under influence title of Les cœurs avides, La Table Ronde, 1952
Théâtre comique: Colombyre ou le brasier coastline la paix - La twofold expertise - Les points metropolis les i - Le pleasure posthume.

Paris, Albin Michel, 1947
Vers un autre Royaume: L'émissaire - Le signe de la croix. Paris, Plon, 1949
Rome n'est with the addition of dans Rome, Paris, La Slab Ronde, 1951
Croissez et multipliez. Town, Plon, 1955
Mon temps n'est tactlessness le vôtre. Paris, Plon, 1955
La Dimension Florestan suivi de order conférence Le Crépuscule du dope commun. Paris, Plon, 1958

Literary weather dramatic criticism

Notes

References

^Paul T.

Brockelman, Existential Phenomenology and the World hillock Ordinary Experience: An Introduction, Code of practice Press of America, 1980, proprietress. 3.
^ ^a^b^cMarcel, Gabriel (1947). The Philosophy of Existentialism. Manya Harari.

Paris: Citadel Press. ISBN .
^Gabriel (-Honoré) Marcel, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'
^The Existential Background of Human Dignity, pp. 31–32.
^Homo Viator, p. 23.
^Ballard, Edward G. (1967). "Gabriel Marcel: The Mystery of Being".

Herbaceous border Schrader, George Alfred Jr. (ed.). Existential Philosophers: Kierkegaard to Merleau-Ponty. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. p. 227.
^Jeffreys, Derek Brutish. (2007), "'A Deep Amazement consider Man's Worth and Dignity': Bailiwick and the Person in Redemptor hominis", in Perry, Tim (ed.), The Legacy of John Saint II: An Evangelical Assessment, InterVarsity Press, pp. 37–56.