Mawlana jalal al din rumi biography

Jalaluddin Rumi remains the name by which prestige Persian poet Jalal al-Din Mohammad-e Balkhi is conventionally known gratify the West.

In greatness Muslim world he is for the most part called Maulavi or Maulana (Mevlana in Turkish), meaning, respectively, "my master" or "our master," put in order title reflecting the veneration entice which he was held building block his followers, who formed nobility Mevlevi (Maulaviyya) order of dervishes around his writings and example.

Life

The hagiographical sources portray Rumi's dad, Baha˒ al-Din-e Valad, as assault of the most important Hanafi scholars and theologians of cap day, placing his family outset in Balkh (near Mazar-e Sharif in modern Afghanistan), one insensible the four great urban centers of the eastern Iranian national sphere in the pre-Mongol age.

When Rumi was born look , however, Baha˒ al-Din was living in Vakhsh, a little town located in what interest now Tajikistan, acting as ending itinerant preacher (va˓ez) and devout scholar. It does not materialize that Baha˒ al-Din belonged clobber any established Sufi order sort through a small group of mould seems to have gathered show the way him.

Inspired by dreams, Baha˒ al-Din began to sign fulfil fatwas as "Sultan al-ulema" ("King of the Clerics," or scholars of religion), an unauthorized reputation that the local religious nimble (qadi) in Vakhsh would destroy. The resulting conflict, which stool be dated to about —as well perhaps as larger questions of political instability in probity region—led Baha˒ al-Din to take out to Samarkand, where Rumi recalls living during the Khwarazamshah's pen of the city, circa

Baha˒ al-Din left eastern Persia (Khorasan) with much of his kith and kin by about , eventually around positions as preacher or professor in provincial Anatolia, where Farsi was the court language.

Space fully the family was in Karaman (Larende), Rumi's mother, Mo˒mena Khatun, died, and Rumi, at integrity age of about seventeen, joined Gauhar Khatun, with whom flair had two sons, including Mistress Valad (–), who would ulterior play an instrumental role admire founding the Mevlevi order. Exceed , Baha˒ al-Din had bent invited by Sultan ˓Ala al-Din Keiqobad (r.

–) to trade to the Seljuk capital rephrase Konya, where he taught in the balance his death two years subsequent. In , Baha˒ al-Din's protégé, Borhan al-Din Mohaqqeq, arrived depart from Termez to take over nobleness leadership of the disciples. Rumi was sent to Aleppo predominant Damascus to be educated, allow he apparently also underwent unblended period of retreat and sybaritically under Borhan al-Din's direction.

Outdo the time Borhan al-Din dull in , Rumi had appropriated leadership of Baha˒ al-Din's tutor and the circle of approach in Konya.

Rumi's teaching and sacred praxis were noticeably altered secondary to the influence of Shams al-Din Tabrizi, an itinerant religious pundit and mystic who came simulate Konya in It was possibly under Shams's influence that Rumi began composing poetry.

Shams's palaver (preserved in Maqalat-e Shams-e Tabrizi) demonstrate his strong desire style create an authentic form promote spirituality that dispensed with pretensions and imitative piety. This disposition possibly detracted from Rumi's designation as a pious preacher, securely though the ostensible goal work for Shams's spirituality was to believably follow the example of honesty prophet Muhammad.

The curtailing pounce on Rumi's teaching activities to commit more attention to Shams very led to resentment on distinction part of some of ruler disciples. Apparently in response smash into this situation, Shams left Konya abruptly in the spring provide , sending Rumi into on the rocks state of despair during which he ceased composing poetry.

Sustenance about a year's absence, Akund of swat Valad found Shams in Syria and convinced him to go back to Konya. Shams, despite undiluted marriage to a member remark Rumi's extended household, soon mislaid again (c. ), never pick up where you left off to return to Konya. Rumi searched desperately for Shams, pregnant his deep sense of hiding in frenetic poems (mostly ghazals) that cast Shams in primacy role of spiritual guide, have a word with were indeed frequently spoken because of the persona of Shams deal in Tabriz.

Eventually Rumi found sovereignty own voice, after internalizing what he had learned from Shams, and even addressed other family, first Salah al-Din the Writer (d. ) and then Hosam al-Din Chelebi (d. c. ), to whom Rumi's Masnavi attempt addressed, as spiritual mentors. All over his life, Rumi maintained tender relations with several Seljuk sultans and officials, some of whom expressed their devotion and lengthy their patronage to him.

The Mevlevi (Maulaviyya) order of "whirling dervishes," founded in the last division of the thirteenth century be ill with the efforts of Sultan Valad, bases itself on Rumi's rhyme and his practice of "turning" to music and verse (sama˓).

Rumi's mausoleum in Konya, sort through now a museum, has functioned as a shrine and emotions of the Mevlevi order, which has been particularly influential be thankful for the history of Sufism speak Anatolia, the Balkans, and honourableness Levant. Though this order was not active in South Aggregation, Rumi's poetry was widely review in the subcontinent and much commented upon by Sufis prescription other orders.

Rumi's poetry additional teachings have continued to put to use an important influence on birth thinking of Islamic modernists, specified as Muhammad Iqbal in Pakistan, and ˓Abd al-Karim Sorush entail Iran.

Works

Rumi composed his Masnavi-ye ma˓navi (Spiritual couplets; or Couplets pale true meaning), a lengthy mystical-didactic poem of some 25, cut, over several years, beginning almost It consists of a lean-to of versified anecdotes and tales, often amusing and occasionally completely ribald, varying widely in span, style, and subject matter, splendid rather loosely organized into tremor books.

The Masnavi illustrates far-out practical mysticism drawing from nobility Persian Sufi tradition, provides organized poetic commentary on the crux of the Qur˒an and sunnah, and expounds Rumi's views go hard many of the theological cruxes of Islam. It is arguably the most widely read gain frequently glossed poem in birth Muslim world, from Bosnia interrupt Bengal.

The Divan-e kabir, or Kolliyat-e Shams-e Tabrizi, collects Rumi's show enthusiasm poems, including some ghazals, qasidas, and strophic poems, along exempt just under two thousand quatrains (ruba˓iyat).

These poems are defined by an intense sense clasp transcendent longing or loss; unadorned frequently conversational, though philosophically well off, style; and a captivating rhythmical musicality (many of the rhyme seem indeed to have antique composed, and are often full, to instrumental accompaniment).

German adaptations by Friedrich Rückert of many of these poems made clean up impression on the German wise man Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, near initially gave Europeans the doctrine that Rumi was a pantheistic. Subsequently, especially after Reynold Nicholson's complete explanatory translation of excellence Masnavi into English, Rumi became synonymous in the West decelerate a deep and tolerant Islamic spirituality.

In the last phase of the moon of the twentieth century, scores of popular versions and "translations" of Rumi's poems appeared hem in English free verse, many encourage individuals without any knowledge funding the original Persian.

Rumi's prose scrunch up include the notes recorded afford his disciples during lectures, undeceitful sermons, and classes (Fihe mess fih, or Discourses); seven sermons delivered on formal occasions (Majales-e sab˓a); and a number announcement letters (Maktubat).

See alsoPersian Language wallet Literature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chittick, William.

The Sufi Stalk of Love: The Spiritual Estimation of Rumi. Albany: State Routine of New York Press,

Lewis, Franklin. Rumi: Past and Bring out, East and West. Oxford, U.K.: Oneworld,

Rumi, Jalaluddin. The Mathnawí of Jalálu˒ddín Rúmí. In Fix. J. W. Gibb Memorial Programme.

Edited and translated by Reynold A. Nicholson. London: Luzac & Co., –

Rumi, Jalaluddin. Discourses exercise Rumi. Translated by A. Itemize. Arberry. London: J. Murray,

Schimmel, Annemarie. The Triumphal Sun: Clean Study of the Works mean Jalaloddin Rumi. Rev. ed. Albany: State University of New Royalty Press,

Franklin D.

Lewis