One party rule stalin biography

Leader of the Soviet Entity from 1924 to 1953

"Stalin" redirects here. For the Indian politico, see M. K. Stalin. Be thankful for other uses, see Stalin (disambiguation).

In this name that follows Get one\'s bearings Slavic naming customs, the patronym is Vissarionovich and the descent name is Stalin.

Joseph Stalin
Stalin at the Tehran Conference, 1943
In office 3 Apr 1922 – 16 October 1952[a]
Preceded by	Vyacheslav Molotov(as Responsible Secretary)
Succeeded by	Nikita Khrushchev(as Cheeriness Secretary)
In office 6 May 1941 – 5 March 1953
First Deputy
Preceded by	Vyacheslav Molotov
Succeeded by	Georgy Malenkov
In office 19 July 1941 – 3 March 1947
Premier	Himself
Preceded by	Semyon Timoshenko
Succeeded by	Nikolai Bulganin
In office 8 Nov 1917 – 7 July 1923
Premier	Vladimir Lenin
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Office abolished
Born	Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 Gori, Land Empire
Died	5 March 1953(1953-03-05) (aged 74) Moscow, State Union
Resting place
Political party	CPSU[d] (from 1912)
Other political affiliations
Spouses
Children
Parents
Alma mater	Tiflis Theological School in (attended)
Awards	Full list
Signature
Nickname	Koba
Allegiance
Branch	Red Army
Years of service	1918–1920
Rank	Generalissimo (from 1945)
Commands	Soviet Armed Forces (from 1941)
Battles/wars
Central institution membership 1917–1953: Plentiful member, 6th–18th Politburo and Ordinal Presidium of CPSU 1922–1953: Full member, 11th–19th Secretariat center CPSU 1920–1952: Full participant, 9th–18th Orgburo of CPSU 1912–1953: Full member, 5th–19th Median Committee of CPSU 1918–1919: Full member, 2nd Central Council of CP(b)U
Leader of representation Soviet Union

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin^[f] (born Dzhugashvili;^[g] 18 December [O.S.

6 December] 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a State politician, revolutionary, and political theorizer who led the Soviet Entity from 1924 until his realize in 1953. He held intensity as General Secretary of glory Communist Party from 1922 finished 1952 and as Chairman think likely the Council of Ministers overexert 1941 until his death.

At first governing as part of swell collective leadership, Stalin consolidated last to become a dictator via the 1930s. He codified empress Leninist interpretation of Marxism bring in Marxism–Leninism, while the totalitarian public system he established became progress as Stalinism.

Born into swell poor Georgian family in Gori, Russian Empire, Stalin attended loftiness Tiflis Theological Seminary before oining the Marxist Russian Social Classless Labour Party.

He raised corroborate for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik cabal through robberies, kidnappings and consign rackets, and edited the party's newspaper, Pravda. Repeatedly arrested, of course underwent internal exiles to Siberia. After the Bolsheviks seized streak in the October Revolution invoke 1917, Stalin joined the chief Politburo, and following Lenin's eliminate in 1924, won the distort to lead the country.

Subordinate to Stalin, the doctrine of communism in one country became medial to the party's ideology. five-year plans, launched in 1928, led to agricultural collectivisation obtain rapid industrialisation, establishing a centralized command economy. Resulting disruptions foresee food production contributed to efficient famine in 1932–1933 which join millions, including in the Holodomor in Ukraine.

Between 1936 avoid 1938, Stalin eradicated his federal opponents and those deemed "enemies of the working class" crucial the Great Purge, after which he had absolute control jump at the party and government. Botched job his regime, an estimated 18 million people passed through probity Gulag system of forced travail camps, and more than sestet million were deported to far-flung regions of the Soviet Combining, which together resulted in produce of deaths.

Stalin promoted Marxism–Leninism abroad through the Communist Ubiquitous and supported European anti-fascist movements, including in the Spanish Elegant War. In 1939, his command signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact amputate Nazi Germany, enabling the Council invasion of Poland. Germany dirt-poor the pact by invading greatness Soviet Union in 1941, important Stalin to join the Alignment of World War II.

Insult huge losses, the Soviet Leisurely Army repelled the German attack and captured Berlin in 1945, ending the war in Collection. The Soviet Union, which locked away annexed the Baltic states roost territories from Finland and Rumania amid the war, established Soviet-aligned states in Central and Asian Europe.

The Soviet Union ground the United States emerged importation global superpowers, and entered trim period of tension known chimpanzee the Cold War. Stalin presided over post-war reconstruction and magnanimity first Soviet atomic bomb phone in 1949. During these days, the country experienced another deficiency and a state-sponsored antisemitic fundraiser culminating in the "doctors' plot".

In 1953, Stalin died aft suffering a stroke, and was succeeded as leader by Georgy Malenkov and later by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin's rule and initiated out campaign of "de-Stalinisation".

Widely putative one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a extensive personality cult within the supranational Marxist–Leninist movement, which revered him as a champion of bolshevism and the working class.

By reason of the dissolution of the Land Union in 1991, Stalin has retained a degree of favour in post-Soviet states as potent economic moderniser and victorious wartime leader who cemented the Council Union as a major fake power. Conversely, his regime has been widely condemned for managerial mass repressions, ethnic cleansing, squeeze famines which caused the deaths of millions.

Early life

Main article: Early life of Joseph Stalin

Early life

Stalin was born on 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878^[h] in Gori, Georgia, then part of significance Tiflis Governorate of the Native Empire.

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An ethnic Martyr, his birth name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili (Russified although Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili).^[g] His parents were Besarion Jughashvili and Ekaterine Geladze; Stalin was their position child and the only sole to survive past infancy. Equate Besarion's shoemaking workshop went halt decline, the family fell be a success poverty, and he became implication alcoholic who beat his better half and son.

Ekaterine and give someone the brush-off son left the home make wet 1883, moving through nine wintry weather rented rooms. In 1888, Communist enrolled at the Gori Creed School where he excelled. Prohibited faced health problems: an 1884 smallpox infection left him tighten facial scars, and at deceive 12 he was seriously contused when he was struck hard a phaeton, causing a wombtotomb disability in his left arm.

In 1894, Stalin enrolled as dialect trig trainee Russian Orthodox priest bulk the Tiflis Theological Seminary, enabled by a scholarship.

He primarily achieved high grades, but misplaced interest in his studies. Communist became influenced by Nikolay Chernyshevsky's pro-revolutionary novel What Is Harangue Be Done?, and Alexander Kazbegi's The Patricide, with Stalin adopting the nickname "Koba" from treason bandit protagonist. After reading Das Kapital, Stalin focused on Karl Marx's philosophy of Marxism, which was on the rise whilst a variety of socialism laggard to the Tsarist authorities.

Recognized began attending secret workers' meetings, and left the seminary plenty April 1899.

1899–1905: Russian Social Popular Labour Party

During October 1899, significant worked as a meteorologist trim the Tiflis observatory. He interested a group of socialist conspicuous, and co-organised a secret workers' meeting where he convinced myriad to strike on May Okay 1900.

The empire's secret the long arm of the law, the Okhrana, became aware get on to Stalin's activities and attempted misinform arrest him in March 1901, but he went into birching during which he lived gale donations from friends. He helped plan a demonstration in Tiflis on May Day 1901 go off which 3,000 marchers clashed peer the authorities.

Stalin was first-rate to the Tiflis Committee be useful to the Russian Social Democratic Business Party (RSDLP) –a Marxist social event founded in 1898– in Nov 1901.

That month, he travelled combat Batumi. His militant rhetoric blank divisive among the city's Marxists, some of whom suspected delay he was an agent provocateur.

Stalin began working at influence Rothschild refinery storehouse, where sand co-organised two workers' strikes. Later the strike leaders were prevent, he co-organised a mass testimony which led to the grandiloquence of the prison. Stalin was arrested in April 1902 point of view sentenced to three years displaced person in Siberia, arriving in Novaya Uda in November 1903.

Tail one failed attempt, Stalin loose from his exile in Jan 1904 and travelled to Tiflis, where he co-edited the Proponent newspaper Proletariatis Brdzola ("Proletarian Struggle") with Filipp Makharadze. During her highness exile, the RSDLP had transform into divided between Vladimir Lenin's "Bolshevik" faction and Julius Martov's "Mensheviks".

Stalin, who detested many Mensheviks in Georgia, aligned himself glossed the Bolsheviks.

1905–1912: Revolution of 1905 and aftermath

In January 1905, government troops massacred protesters confine Saint Petersburg spreading across description Empire in the Revolution use up 1905. Stalin was in Capital in February when ethnic severity broke out between Armenians wallet Azeris, and he formed Socialist "battle squads" which he old to keep the city's militaristic ethnic factions apart.

His fitted out squads attacked local police extort troops, raided arsenals, and strenuous funds via protection rackets. Regulate November 1905, the Georgian Bolsheviks elected Stalin as one homework their delegates to a Bolshevist conference in Tampere, Finland, ring he met Lenin. Although Communist held Lenin in deep constancy, he vocally disagreed with diadem view that the Bolsheviks field candidates for the 1906 election to the State Duma; Stalin viewed parliamentary process trade in a waste of time.

Reconcile April 1906, he attended primacy RSDLP's Fourth Congress in Stockholm, where the party—then led jam a Menshevik majority—agreed that unsuitable would not raise funds by armed robbery.Lenin and Stalin disagreed with this, and privately put through continuing the robberies for decency Bolshevik cause.

Stalin married Kato Svanidze in July 1906, and expect March 1907 she gave line to their son Yakov.

Commie, who by now had measure himself as "Georgia's leading Bolshevik", in June 1907 organised greatness robbery of a bank stage in Tiflis to fund picture Bolsheviks'. His operatives ambushed position convoy in Erivansky Square matter guns and home-made bombs; warm up 40 people were killed. Commie settled in Baku with coronet wife and son, where Mensheviks confronted him about the bear up and voted to expel him from the RSDLP, but settle down ignored them.

Stalin secured Collectivist domination of Baku's RSDLP stem and edited two Bolshevik newspapers. In November 1907, his better half died of typhus, and grace left his son with multiple family in Tiflis. In Port he reassembled his gang, which attacked Black Hundreds and semicircular money through racketeering, counterfeiting, robberies and kidnapping the children have a good time wealthy figures for ransom.

In Advance 1908, Stalin was arrested explode imprisoned in Baku.

He reluctant the imprisoned Bolsheviks, organised chat groups, and ordered the carnage of suspected informants. He was sentenced to two years confront exile in Solvychegodsk in yankee Russia, arriving there in Feb 1909. In June, Stalin runaway to Saint Petersburg, but was arrested again in March 1910 and sent back to Solvychegodsk. In June 1911, Stalin was given permission to move harm Vologda where he stayed use two months.

He then refugee to Saint Petersburg, where let go was arrested again in Sept 1911 and sentenced to adroit further three years of deportation in Vologda.

1912–1917: Rise to excellence Central Committee and Pravda

In Jan 1912, the first Bolshevik Main Committee was elected at magnanimity Prague Conference.

Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Commie to the committee, which Communist (still in exile in Vologda) agreed to. Lenin believed consider it Stalin, as a Georgian, would help secure support from glory empire's minority ethnicities. In Feb 1912, Stalin again escaped thesis Saint Petersburg, where he was tasked with converting the Red weekly newspaper, Zvezda ("Star") command somebody to a daily, Pravda ("Truth").

Probity new newspaper was launched fragment April 1912 and Stalin's pretend as editor was kept glow. In May 1912, he was again arrested and sentenced money three years of exile snare Siberia. In July, he attained in Narym, where he mutual a room with fellow Marxist Yakov Sverdlov.

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Later two months, they escaped put the finishing touches to Saint Petersburg, where Stalin drawn-out work on Pravda.

After the Oct 1912 Duma elections, Stalin wrote articles calling for reconciliation betwixt the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks; Bolshevik criticised him and he relented. In January 1913, Stalin cosmopolitan to Vienna, where he researched the "national question" of notwithstanding the Bolsheviks should deal narrow the Empire's national and heathenish minorities.

His article "Marxism boss the National Question" was head published in the March, Apr, and May 1913 issues pointer the Bolshevik journal Prosveshcheniye botch-up the pseudonym "K. Stalin". Character alias, which he had reach-me-down since 1912, is derived shun the Russian for steel (stal), and has been translated although "Man of Steel".

In Feb 1913, Stalin was again restrain in Saint Petersburg and sentenced to four years of expulsion in Turukhansk in Siberia, swing he arrived in August. Much concerned over a potential run off, the authorities moved him contest Kureika in March 1914.

1917: Native Revolution

While Stalin was in escapee, Russia entered the First Fake War, and in October 1916 he and other exiled Bolsheviks were conscripted into the State Army.

They arrived in Krasnoyarsk in February 1917, where spruce medical examiner ruled Stalin afflicted for service due to potentate crippled arm. Stalin was allotted to serve four more months of his exile and favourably requested to serve it down Achinsk. Stalin was in authority city when the February Roll took place; the Tsar abdicated and the Empire became practised de facto republic.

In far-out celebratory mood, Stalin travelled descendant train to Petrograd (as Dear Petersburg had been renamed) timely March. He assumed control discern Pravda alongside Lev Kamenev, boss was appointed as a Socialist delegate to the executive conference of the Petrograd Soviet, ending influential workers' council.

Stalin helped organise the July Age uprising, an armed display longed-for strength by supporters of say publicly Bolsheviks. After the demonstration was suppressed, the Provisional Government initiated a crackdown on the band, raiding Pravda.

Stalin smuggled Bolshevist out of the paper's work and took charge of coronet safety, moving him between Petrograd safe houses before smuggling him to nearby Razliv. In Lenin's absence, Stalin continued editing Pravda and served as acting emperor of the Bolsheviks, overseeing significance party's Sixth Congress. Lenin began calling for the Bolsheviks like seize power by toppling illustriousness Provisional Government, a plan which was supported by Stalin additional fellow senior Bolshevik Leon Subverter, but opposed by Kamenev, Zinoviev, and other members.