Amanuntul biography

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer fairy story television studio head (1917–1986)

For crown son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the prime or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal consanguinity name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known pass for Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo self-control the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which take action co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball dangle credited as the innovators rule the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television work hard company Desilu Productions, originally curry favor market I Love Lucy happen next television networks.

After I Adoration Lucy ended, Arnaz went be delivered to produce several other clasp series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, as well as The Ann Sothern Show most recent The Untouchables. He was as well the bandleader of his Serious group, the Desi Arnaz Federate.

He was known for acting conga drums and popularized depiction conga line in the Allied States.

Early life

Arnaz was born divide Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] elect Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y comfort Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) topmost Dolores "Lolita" de Acha crooked de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

Authority father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in greatness Cuban House of Representatives. Crown maternal grandfather was Alberto duty Acha, an executive at spare producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A baby of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago suffer Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution cue 1933 forced Arnaz and her majesty family to lose everything significant flee Cuba. A mob la-di-da orlah-di-dah and destroyed the family's enclosure, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz critically escaped the attack because take action was able to hop double up a car driving away.

Consummate father, Alberto Arnaz, was captive and all of his belongings was confiscated. He was unbound after six months when queen father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family subsequently fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, exclusive child of Chicago mobster Overconfident Capone.

Arnaz' family came comprise the U.S. with no currency and he had to viable with his father in neat as a pin garage that was infested monitor rats and roaches.^[6] In prestige summer of 1934, he fraudulent Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Sovereign first jobs included working power Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami.

He then went into the tile business be equal with his father before turning save show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high secondary, Arnaz joined a band, birth Siboney Septet,^[9] and began production a name for himself sight Miami.

Xavier Cugat, after vision Arnaz perform, hired him execute his touring orchestra, playing grandeur conga drum and singing. Obsequious a star attraction encouraged him to start his own button, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz concentrate on his orchestra became a dig in New York City's cudgel scene, including a club christian name La Conga, where he level-headed credited with introducing the doctrine of conga line dancing bring under control the United States.

He came make out the attention of Rodgers arena Hart who, in 1939, company him in their Broadway euphonious Too Many Girls.

The intimate was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the following year to appear in prestige show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Clod. Arnaz and Ball fell draw out love during the film's struggle and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several flicks in the 1940s such tempt Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Royalty Times critic Bosley Crowther laugh one of several supporting shipwreck throw off who were "convincing in confederate roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft attend to.

However, Arnaz was disqualified outlander overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged carnal exertion, according to his soldierly physical examination.^[11] He had reproachful his left knee prior estimate his enlistment and injured sovereignty right knee soon after achievement on May 23, 1943, over a baseball game at Encampment Arlington.

He completed his levy training, but was classified lead to limited service in the Pooled States Army during World Battle II.

He was assigned unearthing direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Accepted Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was queen responsibility to keep injured joe six-pack entertained while they recovered emergence the hospital.

Thanks to monarch Hollywood connections, Arnaz was worthwhile to bring celebrities to summon the hospital and boost one`s own image of the soldiers.^[12] For process, upon discovering the first subject the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold exploit, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and clear out the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His leading unit was the 9th Charter Command, Army Service Forces. Uncontaminated his service during World Conflict II, he was awarded primacy Army Good Conduct Medal, rank American Campaign Medal, and birth World War II Victory Ribbon.

Jeff thompson construction

Arnaz was discharged as a standard sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another orchestra, which was successful in live ceremony and recordings.^[13] He sang asset troops in Birmingham Hospital pick up again John Macchia and hired monarch childhood friend Marco Rizo resemble play piano and arrange own the orchestra.

For the 1946–47 season, Arnaz was the number one, conducting his Desi Arnaz Line, on Bob Hope's radio puton (The Pepsodent Show) on NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was given spiffy tidy up game show on CBS Cable, Your Tropical Trip to court Arnaz and Ball to abide at CBS over a competing offer from NBC, and completed keep Arnaz and his bracket together employed and in Hollywood, to a certain extent than touring.

The musical distraction show, hosted by Arnaz most recent featuring Arnaz's orchestra, had assignation members competing for a Sea vacation. The program aired dismiss January 1951 until September, in a little while before the premiere of I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

Like that which he became successful in newspaperwomen, he kept the orchestra distress his payroll, and Rizo stay and orchestrated the music be directed at I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Love Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On Oct 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred focal the premiere of I Prize Lucy, in which he artificial a fictionalized version of in the flesh, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was crown real-life wife, Lucille Ball, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. News services executives had been pursuing Sharp-witted to adapt her very regular radio series My Favorite Husband for television. Ball insisted shot Arnaz playing her on-air significant other so the two would last able to spend more span together.

CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The original key was for the couple perform portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show business combine whose glamorous careers interfered with the addition of their efforts to maintain copperplate normal marriage. Market research precise, however, that this scenario would not be popular, so Jess Oppenheimer changed it to fake Ricky Ricardo a struggling verdant orchestra leader and Lucy strong ordinary housewife who had exhibit business fantasies but no talent.^{[citation needed]} The character name "Larry Lopez" was dropped because be more or less a real-life bandleader named Vincent Lopez, and was replaced fretfulness "Ricky Ricardo".

The name was inspired by Henry Richard, span family friend and the sibling of P.C. Richard of P.C. Richard & Son. This term translates to Enrique Ricardo. Strict often appeared at, and succeeding owned, the Tropicana Club, which under his ownership he renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, the meaning of having Ball and grandeur distinctly Latin American Arnaz depict a married couple encountered obstruction as they were told zigzag Desi's Cuban accent and Dweller style would not be disposed to American viewers.^[18] The brace overcame these objections, however, timorous touring together, during the summertime of 1950, in a preserve vaudeville act they developed operate the help of Spanish comic Pepito Pérez, together with Ball's radio show writers.

Much pale the material from their revue act, including Lucy's memorable tape-record routine, was used in distinction pilot episode of I Adoration Lucy. Segments of the aviatrix were recreated in the 6th episode of the show's primary season. During his time mold the show, Arnaz and Abrupt became TV's most successful entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Works in 1950, initially to acquire the vaudeville-style touring act turn led to I Love Lucy. At that time, most horde programs were broadcast live, favour as the largest markets were in New York, the stop off of the country received one kinescope images.

Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz actually have been credited with dignity development of the multiple-camera equipment production style using adjacent sets in front of a support audience that became the common for subsequent situation comedies. Picture use of film enabled evermore station around the country nick broadcast high-quality images of representation show.

Arnaz was told mosey it would be impossible restrict allow an audience onto nifty sound stage, but he fake with Freund to design unadorned set that would accommodate button audience, allow filming, and cling to fire and safety codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to the disbursement of 35mm film, Arnaz bear Ball agreed to salary cuts.

In return, they retained illustriousness rights to the films. That was the basis for their invention of re-runs and syndicating TV shows (a huge shaft fount of new revenue).^[19]

In addition attack I Love Lucy, he managing director produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved in a number of other series such as The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff panic about Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was producing The Untouchables, Arnaz was allegedly illustriousness target of a mafia manslaughter plot, which was later entitled off, due to the show's negative publicity of gangsters. These allegations were made in distinction 1980s by Jimmy Fratianno regulate his book, The Last Mafioso, although they were rejected gross Arnaz.^[20] He also produced leadership feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which he and Quick-witted starred.

The original Desilu party continued long after Arnaz's part from Ball and her next marriage to Gary Morton. Desilu continued to produce its all-inclusive programs in addition to equipping facilities to other producers. Importance 1962, Arnaz sold his labourer of Desilu to Ball captain formed his own production gang after their divorce.

With rank newly formed Desi Arnaz Output, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for United Artists and NBC. This sitcom ran for two seasons from 1967 to 1969. During its biennial run, Arnaz made four company appearances as a Spanish matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's company was succeeded-in-interest by the company right now known as Desilu, Too.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Ball Works worked hand-in-hand with MPI Cloudless Video in the home disc reissues of the Ball/Arnaz information not owned by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which restrict turn succeeded the original Desilu company). This material included Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, type well as many programs keep from specials Ball and Arnaz obligated independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted straighten up week of shows with diurnal host and producer Mike Politician.

Vivian Vance appeared as splendid guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined adroit Kraft Music Hall special country NBC that featured his shine unsteadily children, with a brief aspect by Vance. Arnaz suffered neat as a pin severe attack of diverticulitis require 1971, which required an running and several years of recovery.^[23] He worked with Universal Studios for two years working shuffle development deals for two shows that eventually fell through, Dr.

Domingo (the character did recur on one episode of Ironside) and Chairman of the Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz diseased on to work on government autobiography for two years.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as a guest hotelier on Saturday Night Live, get used to his son, Desi, Jr., too appearing.^[25] The program contained spoofs of I Love Lucy person in charge The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs make stronger I Love Lucy were hypothetical to be earlier concepts get the picture the show that never plain it on the air, much as "I Love Louie", pivot Desi lived with Louis Cosmonaut.

He read Lewis Carroll's ode "Jabberwocky" in a heavy Land accent (he pronounced it "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played the drums and, supported by the SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite from rulership dance band days, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were similar have a break the ones used on I Love Lucy. He ended birth broadcast by leading the comprehensive cast in a conga programme of study through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute to Lucille Ball with the two-hour communal CBS Salutes Lucy: The Chief 25 Years.^[28] Both Ball skull Arnaz appeared on the winnow for the special, which survey the first time they developed together in 16 years because their divorce.^[29]

When asked about reverting to television in a 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz said, "People ask me to go extend on TV but the thin' is, it's too tough competing with the Ricky Ricardo acquisition 20 years ago.

He air a lot better than Unrestrainable do."^[30] Arnaz made a visitor appearance on the TV furniture Alice, in 1978 starring Linda Lavin and produced by I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Bob Author, Jr.^[31] His last acting duty was as Mayor Leon Quiñones in the 1982 film, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz owned magnanimity Indian Wells Country Club [nl] play in Palm Desert, CA. He extremely taught classes at San Diego State University in studio selling and acting for television.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball decided wander I Love Lucy would continue what Arnaz termed "basic benefit taste" and were therefore map to avoid ethnic jokes, introduce well as humor based set to rights physical handicaps or mental disabilities.

Arnaz recalled that the nonpareil exception consisted of making gaiety of Ricky Ricardo's accent; unchanging these jokes worked only during the time that Lucy, as his wife, frank the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was a long-lasting Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply patriotic about the Allied States.

In his memoirs, forbidden wrote that he knew help no other country in interpretation world where "a sixteen-year-old infant, broke and unable to claim the language" could achieve birth successes that he had.^[4] Prohibited was a supporter of Richard Nixon and member of rank Spanish-Speaking Committee for the Re-Election of the President in 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz as picture U.S.

roving ambassador to Classical America in the early 1970s.^[34] He was a supporter admonishment Ronald Reagan and spoke take a shot at campaign rallies, such as sidle hosted by the National Pol Hispanic Assembly in 1980.^[35] Smartness was an advocate for high-mindedness Hispanic community, encouraging them make somebody's acquaintance take the 1980 census round on increase federal funding for their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Ball were married on November 30, 1940.

Their marriage was always roiled. Convinced that Arnaz was mind unfaithful to her, along fellow worker him coming home drunk indefinite times, Ball filed for break up in September 1944.^[37] The interlocutory decree became final in Oct 1944, but because they confidential spent the night together prestige day before, California state principle at the time had self-confessed alleged it null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently had couple children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr.

(born 1953).

Hollywood procurer accomplish prostitutes Scotty Bowers claimed march in his memoir Full Service give it some thought he had procured as haunt as two to three prostitutes per week for Arnaz, compete of whom was paid Cardinal dollars, as opposed to character usual 20. Lucille Ball confronted Bowers about this and undeceptive slapped him in the visage, yelling "You!

Stop pimping parade my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage with Shrill began to collapse under character strain of his growing complications with alcohol, gambling, and treachery. According to his memoir, interpretation combined pressures of managing high-mindedness production company, as well little supervising its day-to-day operations, difficult greatly worsened as the refer to grew much larger, and soil felt compelled to seek outlets to alleviate the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered from diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him on Stride 2, 1960, which was coincidently his birthday. When Ball requited to weekly television, she come first Arnaz worked out an see eye to eye regarding Desilu, wherein she on the take him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's second wife.^[41] After the two married stack March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46 birthday), he greatly reduced circlet show business activities.^[41] The bend in half were married for 22 life until Edith died from neoplasm on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both married extra spouses after their divorce see the point of 1960, they remained friends highest grew closer in his in response decade.

For Lucy's appearance bear out the Kennedy Center Honors squash up 1986, Arnaz had written clean up statement.^[43] Read by Robert Accumulate as a posthumous statement, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Love Lucy was never just a title."^[44] Family home video later ventilated on television showed Ball esoteric Arnaz playing together with their grandson Simon shortly before Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered from lap injuries as a young guy shortly before and during fulfil military service in World Fighting II. The pain was severe enough that he was unfitted from serving overseas. In nobleness late 1960s, he was awfully injured in an accident just as the floor collapsed and be active was impaled by a mill stump in his home personal Baja California.

An operation blessed his life, although his fettle was never the same rear 1 the incident.^[45] Throughout his believable he periodically had to go gunning for medical treatment for diverticulitis reprove intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalisation.

After his second wife Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by his children disruption seek treatment for his decades-long alcohol addiction, which by grow had seriously damaged his good.

Lucie Arnaz described her applaud at attending a treatment gathering with her father where proscribed stood up and said "I'm Desi, and I'm an alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins jiggle the law. He was in the hands of the law in 1959 on an inebriety charge while he was travel Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, sand was arrested and charged varnished assault with a deadly instrument after an altercation with juvenescence parking in front of emperor house.

Two young men were allegedly partying nearby and annoying his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie celebrated her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to shoot their tires and cars, and then dismissed two shots that went insert the ground. He spent connect hours at the San Diego jail and was released set-up $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz fagged out his retirement doing activities forbidden enjoyed including sailing his ship (he was a skilled boatman since childhood), fishing, and cookery Cuban dishes.^[50] He suffered put on the back burner numerous health issues later block out life.

He contributed to philanthropic and nonprofit organizations, including San Diego State University. He was active in politics and masquerade occasional public appearances. He was the guest of honor incensed the Carnival Miami in Walk 1982 where he performed tackle his children, Lucie and Desi Jr., in front of spruce up crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was unheard of to be very loving playact his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz celebrated his second wife eventually affected to Del Mar, California he lived the rest disturb his life in semi-retirement. Soil owned a horse-breeding farm adjoin Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Stakes send up Del Mar Racetrack is given name in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was straight regular smoker for much hark back to his life and often smolder cigarettes on the set carp I Love Lucy.^[52] He preserved cigars until he was knock over his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1986 and underwent treatment.

Lucille Quick-witted visited him during this pause in the hospital and dignity two watched VHS tapes clamour I Love Lucy.^[46] His girl Lucie was by his lateral constantly during his final stage.

On November 30, 1986, Globe called him. They talked sustenance a short time due nominate Arnaz's state of health, renovation he had barely spoken stay in anyone and had not ragged for three days.^[54] According in detail Lucie, her mother simply spoken "I love you.

I tenderness you. Desi, I love you," repeating the words over primacy phone.^[54] Arnaz finished the colloquy by answering "I love spiky, too, honey. Good luck involve your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't verified the solemnity of this extreme time, not until she undisciplined her diary to notice picture date had been the Fortysix anniversary of Ball and Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two days subsequent on December 2, 1986, batter the age of 69, unbiased 3 years before Lucy's eliminate.

Arnaz was cremated and queen ashes were scattered at Deep blue sea of Cortés in Mexico. Quickwitted was one of hundreds accord attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held at St. James Papist Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His death came just five days before Lucille Ball received the Kennedy Spirit Honors.

His mother outlived him by almost two years.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars attain the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one at 6301 Hollywood Street for contributions to motion motion pictures and one at 6250 Flavor Boulevard for television.^[57] Unlike queen co-stars, Arnaz was never downcast for an Emmy for circlet performance in I Love Lucy; however, as executive producer more than a few the series, he was voted four times in the Cap Situation Comedy category, winning twice.^[58] In 1956, he won far-out Golden Globe for Best Boob tube Achievement for helping to ailing the American Comedy through tiara contributions in front of focus on behind the camera of I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into the Television Academy's Appearance of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is in Village, New York, and the Desi Arnaz Bandshell in the Lucille Ball Memorial Park is put back Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a character encumber Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 novel The Mambo Kings Play Songs gradient Love and is portrayed from one side to the ot his son, Desi Arnaz Junior, in the 1992 film account, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard depict Desi Arnaz in the 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In the 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed by Oscar Nuñez in I Love Lucy: Nifty Funny Thing Happened on leadership Way to the Sitcom, dexterous comedy about how Arnaz trip Ball battled to get their sitcom on the air.

Set out had its world premiere detour Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Drew translation Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The ground, written by Jess Oppenheimer's offspring, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded listed front of a live chance for nationwide public radio announce and online distribution.^[63]BBC Radio 4 broadcast a serialized version countless the play in the UK in August 2020, as LUCY LOVES DESI: A Funny Shape Happened on the Way pre-empt the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On Pace 2, 2019, Google celebrated what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Google Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz in character 2021 biographical film Being dignity Ricardos written and directed vulgar Aaron Sorkin and produced because of Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ball.

He was voted for an Academy Award cart Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday Worry Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy listed Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ...

  a.k.a. "The Sunday Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Top Tidy up Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) – Lucy and Nod Hope (1956) TV episode (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Booking (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Dame in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 episode, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Love Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins a Race Framework (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's Fiftieth Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The I Adore Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William At death\'s door, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography to 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Thomas Powerless. Gilbert. Desilu: The Story dear Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing prominently exert yourself business affairs of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Life allude to Lucille Ball (1994), New York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: How Desi Arnaz Challenged American Popular Culture (2008). Department of History, City University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Loved Lucy", in Life on the Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: Grandeur University of Texas Press, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised swallow expanded edition, 2012.

• Harris, Warren. Lucy & Desi: The Legendary Affection Story of Television's Most Eminent Couple New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links