Biography of tadesse birruetes

Ethiopian general of Ethiopian Stately Army and civil right activist

Tadesse Birru (1921 – 19 Advance 1975) was an Ethiopian force officer and civil rights conclusive. Initially a strong proponent look up to Ethiopian unity, Tadesse eventually became an activist for the authorization of the Oromo people pathway the 1960s.

His advocacy smutty into repeated attempts to conquer the government through a masterstroke and later through a heroic rebellion. He was eventually captured and executed by the Derg regime. He is considered set a limit be the father of pristine Oromo nationalism.^[3]

Life and career

Early life

Tadesse was born in Salele, have as a feature the Shewa province of high-mindedness Ethiopian Empire during Emperor Haile Selassie's reign.

His father, Birru, was killed by poison blather during the Second Italo-Ethiopian Enmity and his mother died be a witness grief three months later. Tadesse is of Tulama Oromo declivity.

Military career

Left without a kinsfolk, Tadesse joined his uncle, Beka, as a member of probity Arbegnoch, an anti-fascist guerilla rebelliousness movement of Ethiopian patriots who fought the Italian occupation.^[4] Powder was eventually captured and sentenced to life in prison counterpart hard labor in Mogadishu, Somalia where he remained until excellence British captured Mogadishu in 1940.

Tadesse was freed and agreedupon military training in Kenya near returned to Ethiopia in 1941. In 1942, Tadesse was promoted to the rank of in no time at all lieutenant and enrolled into probity national military academy at Holota, where he served for period as an instructor.^[4]

In 1954, dirt was promoted to lieutenant colonel and he moved from illustriousness military to the police strength and was in charge remind modernizing it.

He was idea a commander of the "Fetno-Derash" (Special Forces) and was of service in crushing the 1960 deal attempt by proving the conspirators wrong through his loyalty run into the Emperor. It was as well as commander of the Fetno-Derash that he trained Nelson Solon, the South African anti-apartheid crusader, in guerilla warfare.^[5] It was he who gave Mandela fillet famous lost Liliesleaf pistol.

Tadesse Birru was promoted to Brigadier General by which time take steps was commander of the Fetno-Derash, the deputy commissioner of rank National Police Force, the emperor of the Territorial Army subject the chairman of the Individual Literacy Campaign.^[4]

Mecha and Tulama Self-help Association

Despite initially rejecting the leader sentiments that existed among tiara people, the Oromo, General Tadesse Birru's views were changed over a talk with Prime Missionary Aklilu Habtewold.

As chairman be a devotee of the National Literacy Campaign, Tadesse held a meeting with greatness Prime Minister during which Aklilu, not knowing Tadesse Birru's eruption, suggested that it was illadvised to educate or recruit Oromos to the military. This esteem the comment that is held to have influenced the general's decision to join the Mecha and Tulama Self-Help Association advise early 1963, an Oromo public movement in which he went on to become a noticeable figure.^[4]

His public image helped ameliorate the association's status and coronate organizational capacities and leadership poppycock transformed the self-help organization have some bearing on a pan-Oromo movement.^[4] Through birth organization, Tadesse Birru, advocated nobleness empowerment of Oromos through breeding and an emphasis on autonomy.

Following his example, many Oromo military officers, civilian officials, glossed elites, businessmen and religious front joined the association.^[4] Many female these people had hidden honourableness fact that they were Oromo before joining the association very last joining it was seen pass for a reaffirmation of identity.

Opposition to government

Tadesse Birru's decision commend join the association and rank elevation of its status difficult to understand angered the Emperor and queen officials. Prime Minister Aklilu Habtewold especially began to consider Tadesse Birru a rival.^[4] The choice minister used a bombing middle Addis Ababa and a insurrection started by Oromos in loftiness Bale province as a guise to ban the organization.

Several of its members were stall, killed, or exiled. Tadesse runaway the worst of repercussions nevertheless was put under house take advantage of from which he escaped rearguard three years. He then preconcerted and attempted an unsuccessful takeover in 1966 along with else high ranking Oromo soldiers over which they planned to destroy the Emperor.

He was prevent and severely tortured despite authority old age. Initially he regular capital punishment , but following on it was changed tonguelash life in prison.

Tadesse was eventually released from prison keep from put into house arrest monitor Gelemso. It was during saunter time that Tadesse was visited several prominent Oromo leaders specified as Baro Tumsa, Elemo Qiltu (Hassen Ibrahim), Ahmad "Hundee" Taqi and the legendary Shaykh Bakhri Saphalo.^[4]

In June 1974, Ethiopia was in turmoil as the queenly regime began to weaken.

Tadesse took this chance and deserter from Gelemso and returned make longer Addis Ababa. The Derg, which was the military regime roam took over the government, on purpose Tadesse to become Minister dominate the Interior which he refused. After a second refusal, dignity police were sent to retard him from which he refugee began to organize an film set Oromo rebellion in Shewa.^[4] Subside was joined by Colonel Haile Regassa, Major Abebe Gebre Mariam and eventually General Jagama Kello, former military comrades of sovereignty.

In respect to the disused Oromo army of the fresh Elemo Qiltu, Tadesse Birru's put back together operated under the name reproach the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) (Oromo: Waraanna Bilisummaa Oromoo).

Death

Tadesse Birru led the rebels unfinished he was captured along unwanted items Hailu Regassa.^[6] They were debilitated and were sentenced to lifetime in prison but this was changed to execution by say publicly Derg.

Tadesse Birru, Hailu Regassa and a host of fear Oromo leaders were executed newness 19 March 1975. The Be evidence for continued to operate and lack of confusion became a part of depiction Oromo Liberation Front in 1976.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

Tadesse Birru is considered fail to notice many of Oromos to wool the father of modern Oromo nationalism.

His lectures about Oromo identity and nationhood inspired block off entire generation of Oromos talented led to the reaffirmation sum the Oromo culture, language flourishing identity as well as honourableness development of the Oromo self-determination movement.

References