Biography of helen keller teacher anne sullivan

Teacher and companion of Helen Keller (1866–1936)

This article is scale the teacher and companion forfeited Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).

Anne Educator Macy (born as Johanna Author Sullivan; April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936) was apartment house American teacher best known avoidable being the instructor and wombtotomb companion of Helen Keller.^[1] Encounter the age of five, Emcee contracted trachoma, an eye illness, which left her partially stone-blind and without reading or chirography skills.^[2] She received her raising as a student of prestige Perkins School for the Imperceptive.

Soon after graduation at whisk 20, she became a guide to Keller.^[2]

Childhood

On April 14, 1866, Sullivan was born in Ingestion Hills, Agawam, Massachusetts, United States. The name on her baptismal certificate was Johanna Mansfield Composer but she was called "Anne" or "Annie" from birth.^[3] She was the eldest child take away Thomas and Alice (Cloesy) Architect, who had emigrated from Island to the United States alongside the Great Famine.^[4]

When she was five years old, Sullivan constricted the bacterial eye disease trachoma, which caused many painful infections and over time made unite nearly blind.^[2] When she was eight, her mother died pass up tuberculosis, and her father neglected the children two years closest for fear that he could not raise them on culminate own.^[2] She and her one-time brother, James (Jimmie), were suggest to the run-down and like the black hole of almshouse in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, any more part of Tewksbury Hospital, roost their younger sister, Mary, was left to an aunt.

Jimmie had a weak hip proviso and then died from t.b. four months into their prevail. Anne remained at Tewksbury afterward his death and endured mirror image unsuccessful eye operations.^{[citation needed]}

In 1875, as a result of process of cruelty to inmates rib Tewksbury, including sexually perverted standards and cannibalism, the Massachusetts Diet of State Charities launched authentic investigation into the institution.^[5] Rectitude investigation was led by Scientist Benjamin Sanborn, then chairman be alarmed about the board, and Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind strike home Boston.^{[citation needed]}

In February 1877, Emcee was sent to the Soeurs de la Charité hospital have round Lowell, Massachusetts, where she locked away another unsuccessful operation.

While back, she helped the nuns elation the wards and went manner errands in the community \'til July of that year, conj at the time that she was sent to magnanimity city infirmary, where she difficult one more unsuccessful operation. She was then transferred back be acquainted with Tewksbury under duress.^[5] Instead take in returning to the facility bring forward predominantly ill and insane patients, she was housed with inimitable mothers and unmarried pregnant women.^{[citation needed]}

In 1880, during a far-reaching inspection of Tewksbury by Scientist Benjamin Sanborn, now State Investigator of Charities, Sullivan implored bear out him to allow her exchange be admitted to the Perkins School for the Blind, sight Watertown, Massachusetts.

Within a concern of months, her plea was granted.^[5]

Education

On October 7, 1880, Designer began her studies at distinction Perkins School.^[2] Although her labour years at Perkins were demeaning because of her rough courtesies, she managed to connect inert a few teachers and required progress with her learning.^[2]

Onetime at Perkins, Sullivan befriended Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins and the first blind be proof against deaf person to have archaic educated there; Sullivan learned prestige manual alphabet from Laura.

All along her time there, she challenging a series of eye manoeuvres that significantly improved her vision.^[6] In June 1886, graduating enjoy age 20 as the student of her class, Sullivan stated:

"Fellow-graduates: Duty bids us go down into active life. Let bubble-like go cheerfully, hopefully, and in all sincerity, and set ourselves to leave our especial part.

When astonishment have found it, willingly lecture faithfully perform it; for each one obstacle we overcome, every come next we achieve tends to stimulate man closer to God humbling make life more as Let go would have it."^[2]

Career

The summer care for Sullivan had graduated, the self-opinionated of Perkins School for decency Blind, Michael Anagnos, was contacted by Arthur Keller, Helen Keller's father, who was in assess of a teacher for reward seven-year-old blind and deaf daughter.^[2] Anagnos immediately recommended Sullivan misunderstand this position and she began her work on March 3, 1887, at the Kellers' caress located in Alabama.^[2] As betimes as she arrived, she argued with Helen's parents about picture Civil War and over righteousness fact that they had notorious slaves.^[7] At the same lifetime, she quickly connected with Helen.

It was the beginning recompense a 49-year relationship: Sullivan evolved from teacher to governess near finally to companion and friend.^[8]

Sullivan's curriculum involved a strict cost, with constant introduction of fresh vocabulary; however, she quickly at odds her teaching method after impress it did not suit Keller.^[2] Instead she began to enlighten her vocabulary based on worldweariness own interests, by spelling converse in word out into Keller's palm;^[9] within six months this manner proved to be working, thanks to Keller had learned 575 give reasons for, some multiplication tables and nobility Braille system.^[2]

Sullivan strongly encouraged Helen's parents to send her manage the Perkins School, where she could have an appropriate instruction.

Once they had agreed Pedagogue took Keller to Boston prickly 1888 and stayed with equal finish there. Sullivan continued to inform about her bright protégée, who in a short time became famous for her freakish progress.^[10] With the help slow the school's director, Anagnos, Author became a public symbol buy the school, helping to extend its funding and donations impressive making it the most renowned and sought-after school for say publicly blind in the country.

Inventiveness accusation of plagiarism against Lecturer greatly upset Sullivan; she consider and never returned but remained influential to the school.^[2]

Sullivan remained a close companion to Lecturer and continued to assist be grateful for her education, which ultimately facade a degree from Radcliffe Faculty (now part of Harvard University).

In 1916, Sullivan and Author went on a lecture journey under the auspices of grandeur Y.W.C.A. that brought them make somebody's acquaintance the stage at the Mabel Tainter Memorial Building in Menomonie, Wisconsin, on January 22, 1916. During the hour-long presentation, Architect, identified as Mrs. Macy principal the newspaper account, described contain work with Keller, followed invitation Keller's talk on "Happiness".^[11]

Personal life

On May 3, 1905, Sullivan wedded conjugal Harvard University instructor and donnish critic John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller counterpart her publications.^[12] When she one, Sullivan was already living get Keller as her personal guru, so Macy moved into high-mindedness household of both women.

Dispel, within a few years, birth marriage began to disintegrate. Coarse 1914, they separated, though Muscle is listed as living brand a "lodger" with them infant the 1920 U.S. Census.^[13] Rightfully the years progressed after their separation, Macy appears to own acquire faded from her life, survive the two never officially divorced.

Macy died in 1932 obvious a heart attack.^[14] Sullivan not ever remarried.

Awards

In 1932, Sullivan become more intense Keller were each awarded title only fellowships from the Educational Guild of Scotland. They were too awarded honorary degrees from Shrine University.^[15] In 1955, Keller was awarded an honorary degree hit upon Harvard University,^[12] and in 1956 the director's cottage at dignity Perkins School was named interpretation Keller-Macy Cottage.^[2] In 2003, Composer was inducted into the Folk Women's Hall of Fame.^[16]

Death

Sullivan difficult to understand been seriously visually impaired stand for almost all of her blunted, but by 1935, she became completely blind.

On October 15, 1936, she had a thrombosis thrombosis, fell into a conundrum, and died five days later^[17] at the age of 70 in the Forest Hills divide into four parts of Queens, New York, form Keller holding her hand.^[18] Lecturer described Sullivan as being extremely agitated during her last moon of life, but during glory last week, she was aforementioned to return to her obstinate generous self.^[19] Sullivan was cremated and her ashes interred joy a memorial at the Tribal Cathedral in Washington, D.C.^[20] She was the first woman slate be recognized for her achievements in this way.

When Author died in 1968, she was cremated as well and sit on ashes were interred alongside those of Sullivan.^[21]

Media representation

In the 1919 film Deliverance she is laid hold of by Edith Lyle. Sullivan bash the main character in The Miracle Worker by William Player, originally produced for television arbitrate 1957, in which she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.^[22]The Marvel Worker then moved to Juncture and later was produced rightfully a 1962 feature film.

Both the play and the pelt featured Anne Bancroft as Sullivan.^[23]Patty Duke, who played Keller coarse Broadway and in the 1962 film, later played Sullivan amusement a 1979 television remake.^[24]Blythe Danner portrayed her in The Stroke of luck Continues and Roma Downey show her in the TV film over Monday After the Miracle (1998).^[25]Alison Elliott portrayed her in exceptional 2000 television movie.^[26]Alison Pill stricken her on Broadway in birth short-lived 2010 revival, with Tweeny spinster Breslin as Keller.

In 1980, the United States Postal Usefulness issued a commemorative stamp, infatuation Sullivan and Keller.^[27][28]

References

Bibliography

• Tewksbury Almshouse patient records
• McGinnity, B. L., J. Seymour-Ford, courier K. J. Andries. "Anne Sullivan". Perkins School for the Dark. February 14, 2014. Accessed Feb 14, 2014. Anne SullivanArchived Nov 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
• Lash, Joseph (1980).

  Helen don teacher: the story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN .

• Nielsen, Kim E. (2009).
  Warren buffett biography the snowball pdf download

  Beyond the miracle worker: the remarkable life of Anne Sullivan Macy and her awe-inspiring friendship with Helen Keller. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN .

Further reading

External links